Skin Care & Hair

Scars are a natural part of the body’s healing process, forming when the skin repairs itself after an injury, surgery, or skin condition such as acne. While scars are permanent, proper care can help minimize their appearance and improve skin texture. Understanding how to treat both new and old scars can make a significant difference in their visibility over time.

Different types of scars require different management strategies. The main types include:

• Hypertrophic scars: Raised, red scars that stay within the boundary of the original wound.
• Keloid scars: Thick, raised scars that extend beyond the original wound site and may continue to grow.
• Atrophic scars: Sunken or pitted scars, often caused by acne or chickenpox.
• Contracture scars: Tight, restrictive scars that form after burns or deep skin damage.

Older scars are more challenging to treat but can still improve with the right approach.

• Silicone gel or sheets: Helps soften and flatten raised scars over time.
• Over-the-counter scar creams: Products containing onion extract or allantoin may reduce scar thickness and discoloration.

For more severe or persistent scars, medical treatments may be necessary:

• Laser therapy: Reduces redness and improves skin texture by promoting collagen remodeling.
• Microdermabrasion or chemical peels: Helps resurface the skin and smooth out atrophic scars.
• Corticosteroid injections: Reduces inflammation in hypertrophic and keloid scars.
• Surgical revision: Involves removing or repositioning the scar to make it less noticeable.

Consult a dermatologist if the scar is painful, itchy, or significantly affecting your confidence. A medical professional can recommend the best treatment plan based on the scar’s type, location, and age.

Scar management involves a combination of prevention, early treatment, or professional care. Whether dealing with a fresh wound or an old scar, options are available to improve skin appearance and texture. 

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023b, July 13). Keloid Scar. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/keloid-scar/symptoms-causes/syc-20520901 

Mustoe, T. A. (2020, December 8). International Scar Classification in 2019. Textbook on Scar Management: State of the Art Management and Emerging Technologies [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK586057/ 

Samuel J. Lin, M. & E. S. (2022, June 9). Scar treatment 101: What are the first steps? American Society of Plastic Surgeons. https://www.plasticsurgery.org/news/blog/scar-treatment-101-what-are-the-first-steps 

Scars: Diagnosis and treatment. American Academy of Dermatology. (n.d.). https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/scars-treatment 

Maintaining healthy skin requires a consistent skincare routine that supports skin regeneration, hydration, and protection from environmental stressors. A more youthful appearance and healthier skin may be achieved by following a structured morning and evening skincare regimen. 

The Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery in Rochester, Minnesota, is a leading multispecialty center dedicated to providing personalized aesthetic care. The expert team collaborates to deliver comprehensive treatments in a state-of-the-art environment tailored to unique needs of patients. 

At the Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery, patients receive exceptional care from world-renowned specialists, including:

• Dermatologists
• Facial plastic surgeons
• Plastic surgeons
• Oculoplastic surgeons
• Vascular medicine providers

“At Mayo Clinic’s Center for Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery, we recognize that every individual’s skin is unique. Our approach prioritizes personalized care and science-backed routines that support long-term skin health, regeneration, and protection. By tailoring morning and evening regimens to each patient’s needs, we empower individuals to maintain youthful, resilient skin and optimize their skin longevity.”

— Saranya Wyles, MD, PhD, Dermatologist, Mayo Clinic

The following morning and nighttime skincare regimens have been developed in collaboration with the Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery Department at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

A morning skincare routine should focus on cleansing, hydration, and protection to help prepare skin for the day ahead.

1. Cleanse: Start the day with a gentle cleanser to remove overnight buildup of oils and impurities without stripping skin’s natural moisture.
2. Regenerative: Apply a regenerative serum containing peptides or stem cell-derived ingredients to support skin renewal and repair.
3. Eye Treatment: Use a hydrating and de-puffing eye cream to reduce morning puffiness and fine lines around the delicate eye area.
4. Antioxidant: Apply an antioxidant serum, such as one containing vitamin C, to help protect the skin from environmental damage caused by free radicals.
5. Growth Factor: Use a growth factor serum to support collagen production and maintain skin elasticity.
6. Correct: Target specific skin concerns, such as hyperpigmentation or redness, with a corrective treatment recommended by your dermatologist.
7. Brighten: Apply a brightening serum or cream to enhance skin radiance and even out the complexion.
8. Hydrate: Lock in moisture with a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer suitable for the skin type.
9. Protect: Finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) to shield skin from harmful UV rays and prevent premature aging.

5. Growth Factor: Apply a growth factor serum to support skin rejuvenation and collagen synthesis.

6. Correct: Use a targeted treatment for concerns such as acne, dark spots, or uneven tone.

7. Hydrate: Seal in moisture with a rich, hydrating night cream or facial oil to maintain skin hydration overnight.

A well-structured skincare routine can significantly enhance skin’s health and appearance. Choose products suited to skin type and concerns and always use sun protection during the day. If there are specific skin conditions or are unsure which products are best, consult a dermatologist for personalized recommendations.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Addor, F. A. S. (2017). Antioxidants in dermatology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514576/  

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Your Personalized Skin Care Regimen Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2024, October 15). Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery in Rochester. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/rochester-center-aesthetic-medicine-surgery-mayo-clinic/sections/overview/ovc-20519193 

Should I apply my skin care products in a certain order?. American Academy of Dermatology. (n.d.-b). https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/care/apply-skin-care-certain-order 

Platelet-derived exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles released by platelets, carrying bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and genetic material. These structures have emerged as significant mediators of intercellular communication, playing crucial roles in tissue repair, immune modulation, and inflammation. Researchers are increasingly exploring their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and beyond.

Platelet-derived exosomes (PLT-EXOs) are nano-sized particles released by activated platelets. They facilitate communication between cells by transferring their molecular cargo, which can influence various physiological and pathological processes. These exosomes are abundant in the bloodstream and participate in maintaining vascular homeostasis, modulating immune responses, and supporting wound healing.

The discovery of platelet-derived exosomes dates back to the early days of exosome research in the 1980s, when these small vesicles were initially described as cellular debris. However, advancements in molecular biology and biochemistry in the late 20th century revealed their intricate role in intercellular communication. By the early 2000s, studies began to highlight the functional significance of exosomes in physiological and pathological processes, including their ability to carry bioactive molecules such as RNA and proteins.

In the context of platelet-derived exosomes, initial research focused on their involvement in hemostasis and thrombosis. Over time, scientists uncovered their broader implications in immune modulation, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. The development of sophisticated isolation and characterization techniques has further propelled the study of platelet-derived exosomes, paving the way for their exploration as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine and other fields.

Recent discoveries underscore the potential of platelet-derived exosomes in promoting wound healing and skin regeneration. A study by Mayo Clinic highlights the use of a purified exosomal product derived from platelets to heal chronic ischemic wounds. This treatment not only restored skin integrity but also regenerated hair follicles, sweat glands, and normal hydration levels. Such advancements showcase the promise of platelet-derived exosomes in addressing difficult-to-treat wounds.

Platelet-derived exosomes represent a groundbreaking area in medical research. Their ability to harness the body’s natural healing mechanisms offers hope for innovative treatments in wound care, regenerative medicine, hair restoration and other fields. Ongoing research continues to unravel their complex roles and therapeutic possibilities, paving the way for advanced, patient-centered healthcare solutions.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Cheng, M., Ma, C., Chen, H.-D., Wu, Y., & Xu, X.-G. (2024, July 5). The roles of exosomes in regulating hair follicle growth. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11232880/ 

Goetzl, E. J., Goetzl, L., Karliner, J. S., Tang, N., & Pulliam, L. (2016, May). Human plasma platelet-derived exosomes: Effects of aspirin. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4836374/ 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, July 6). Mayo Clinic preclinical discovery triggers wound healing, skin regeneration - mayo clinic news network. Mayo Clinic. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-preclinical-discovery-triggers-wound-healing-skin-regeneration/#:~:text=Derived%20from%20platelets%2C%20the%20purified,skin%20oils%20and%20normal%20hydration

Proffer SL;Paradise CR;DeGrazia E;Halaas Y;Durairaj KK;Somenek M;Sivly A;Boon AJ;Behfar A;Wyles SP; (n.d.). Efficacy and tolerability of topical platelet exosomes for skin rejuvenation: Six-week results. Aesthetic surgery journal. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35689936/ 

Tao, S.-C., Guo, S.-C., & Zhang, C.-Q. (2017, July 6). Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: An emerging therapeutic approach. International Journal of Biological Sciences. https://www.ijbs.com/v13p0828.htm 

Wei, K., Huang, H., Liu, M., Shi, D., & Ma, X. (2022, April 15). Platelet-derived exosomes and atherothrombosis. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9051247/#:~:text=Platelet-derived%20exosomes%20(PLT-,important%20role%20in%20intercellular%20communication

Wyles SP;Proffer SL;Farris P;Randall L;Hillestad ML;Lupo MP;Behfar A; (n.d.). Effect of topical human platelet extract (HPE) for facial skin rejuvenation: A histological study of collagen and Elastin. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39231070/ 

Wrinkles are a natural part of aging and a testament to a life filled with smiles, laughter, and experience. However, if you'd prefer smoother, firmer skin, modern cosmetic treatments offer effective, non-surgical options to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and rejuvenate your skin.

Wrinkles commonly form on areas exposed to the sun, like the face, neck, and hands. Over time, skin loses elasticity, making it less resilient. Factors such as genetics, UV exposure, smoking, and environmental pollutants further contribute to the appearance of wrinkles.

While there’s nothing unhealthy about wrinkles, maintaining a daily skin care routine and exploring advanced treatments may help enhance skin’s appearance.

Adopting a consistent skin care routine can protect skin and slow signs of aging. A stepwise morning routine may be: 

1. Cleanse: Use a gentle cleanser to remove dirt and impurities.
2. Exfoliate: Apply a physical or chemical exfoliant to remove dead skin cells. Limit to 2-3 times a week if skin is sensitive.
3. Tone: Use a water-based toner to clean and tighten pores.
4. Moisturize: Hydrate your skin to smooth out fine lines and maintain elasticity.
5. Protect: Apply sunscreen daily to shield your skin from harmful UV rays.

For deeper wrinkles and faster results, consult a licensed professional for advanced, non-surgical options:

Laser Resurfacing
Fractional laser therapy is a popular choice, offering two approaches:

• Ablative Lasers: Remove the outer skin layer while heating underlying layers to stimulate collagen production.
• Non-Ablative Lasers: Warm the dermis to boost collagen without removing the outer skin layer, minimizing downtime.

Fractional lasers target specific areas, reducing recovery time and side effects while delivering smoother, tighter skin.

Chemical Peels
Chemical peels remove the outermost layer of skin to reveal smoother skin beneath. Peels range in intensity:

• Superficial Peels: Gentle and ideal for minor wrinkles.
• Medium/Deep Peels: Address deeper wrinkles but may require sedation or pain relief.

Both laser treatments and chemical peels can produce noticeable improvements in skin's appearance. However, these procedures should be performed by licensed professionals who can evaluate each individual's skin and recommend the best approach.

Whether looking for at-home skin care or professional treatments, staying consistent with a skin care routine and seeking guidance from dermatology experts can help achieve healthier, smoother-looking skin.

For more insights on facial skin care and advanced treatments, consult a trusted dermatologist or licensed aesthetician.

Sources: 

Mayo Clinic health letter. Facial skin care. (2024, April).

Maintaining healthy hair and skin is essential for both appearance and overall well-being. Vitamins and nutrients play a crucial role in ensuring your hair and skin look their best. Among these, biotin (Vitamin B7) and niacin (Vitamin B3) are two key vitamins that are often highlighted for their potential benefits to hair and skin health. But how do they work, and should you consider incorporating them into your routine?

Biotin, also known as Vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in supporting various metabolic processes, particularly those related to protein and fat metabolism. Since hair and skin are made primarily of proteins like keratin and collagen, biotin is believed to help support the production of these vital components.

Biotin is often promoted as a vitamin that enhances hair health, supporting hair growth and strength. While some studies suggest that biotin deficiency can lead to hair thinning or hair loss, it is essential to note that actual biotin deficiency is quite rare. However, for individuals with biotin deficiency, supplementation may help improve hair quality, leading to stronger, thicker strands and potentially reducing hair loss.

Biotin also plays a role in skin health, as it helps maintain the mucous membranes, which includes the skin’s protective barrier. Insufficient levels of biotin can lead to dry, scaly skin, as well as rashes and dermatitis. In these cases, biotin supplementation might help restore skin moisture and improve its overall texture.

While biotin and niacin can have potential benefits for hair and skin health, it is important to recognize that deficiencies in these vitamins are uncommon in people who follow a balanced diet. Biotin is naturally present in foods such as eggs, nuts, and seeds, while niacin can be found in foods like poultry, fish, and whole grains.

For individuals experiencing hair loss, brittle nails, or skin issues, it is recommended to consult a healthcare provider to determine if a deficiency or another underlying condition is present. In cases of true deficiency, supplements may be helpful, but taking high doses of these vitamins without medical supervision is generally unnecessary and may not lead to significant improvements in hair or skin health.

Biotin and niacin both play important roles in supporting hair and skin health. While deficiencies in these vitamins can lead to hair and skin problems, they are uncommon in individuals who eat a varied diet. Before turning to supplements, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional to determine if these vitamins are right for you and your specific needs. With proper care and the right nutrients, you can help ensure your hair and skin remain healthy and vibrant.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023, August 10). Niacin. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-niacin/art-20364984 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2024b, February 1). Biotin (oral route) description and brand names. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/biotin-oral-route/description/drg-20062359 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Office of dietary supplements - biotin. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-Consumer/ 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-b). Office of dietary supplements - niacin. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Niacin-HealthProfessional/ 

Psoriasis and eczema are two common skin conditions that can cause discomfort and frustration. Although they share some similarities, they are distinct conditions with different causes and characteristics.

Effective management of these conditions involves a multifaceted approach that includes medical treatment and lifestyle adjustments. Here are some strategies to help you manage psoriasis and eczema symptoms:

• Topical Treatments: Both conditions can often be managed with topical treatments like corticosteroids, moisturizers, and medicated creams. Consult a dermatologist for guidance on the most suitable options for the specific condition.
• Avoid Triggers: Identify and avoid triggers that worsen symptoms. Common triggers include stress, certain foods, allergens, and harsh skincare products.
• Moisturize Regularly: Keeping the skin well-hydrated is crucial for managing symptoms. Using a fragrance-free moisturizer may help to prevent dryness and itching.
• Prescription Medications: For more severe cases, a healthcare provider may prescribe oral medications or biologics to manage symptoms.
• Stress Management: Reducing stress through relaxation techniques like meditation, yoga, and deep breathing can be beneficial for both conditions.
• Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle, as these factors can have a positive impact on skin's overall health.
• Regular Check-ups: Regularly consult with a dermatologist to monitor the condition and adjust the treatment plan as needed.