Healthy Aging

Lift chairs are specially designed recliners that help individuals sit down and stand up safely and comfortably. With the touch of a button, the chair gently tilts forward to assist with standing, and reclines back for relaxation. For people with mobility challenges, joint pain or recovering from surgery, lift chairs can make everyday movements easier and help maintain independence at home.

A lift chair looks similar to a traditional recliner but includes a powered lifting mechanism. This mechanism raises and tilts the chair forward, reducing the physical effort required to stand. Many models also recline into multiple positions, allowing users to sit upright, elevate their legs or lie back comfortably.

Lift chairs are often recommended for individuals who experience:

• Arthritis or joint pain
• Limited mobility or balance concerns
• Recovery after surgery or injury
• Muscle weakness or fatigue

By reducing strain on the knees, hips and back, lift chairs can support safer movement and improved daily comfort.

Improved Safety

Standing up from a seated position can increase the risk of falls, especially for those with limited strength or balance. Lift chairs provide controlled, stable assistance, helping reduce that risk.

Greater Independence

A lift chair allows individuals to move from sitting to standing without needing assistance from a caregiver, promoting confidence and independence.

Enhanced Comfort

Many lift chairs include features such as:

• Plush cushioning and ergonomic support
• Heat and massage functions
• Adjustable reclining positions
• Footrest extensions and lumbar support

These features can help reduce discomfort and support relaxation throughout the day.

Support for Recovery and Daily Living

Lift chairs can be especially helpful during recovery from surgery or injury by minimizing strain and supporting proper positioning.

With a variety of colors and fabrics to choose from, lift chairs can be customized to fit both your physical needs and personal style.

Try Before You Buy

Testing different models in person allows you to evaluate comfort, ease of use and positioning. This hands-on experience helps ensure the chair meets your expectations before making a purchase.

Please note: Lift chairs are currently available at our store locations in Rochester Crossroads, Phoenix, La Crosse, Mankato, and Eau Claire Westgate.

Delivery or Pick Up

For new purchases, lift chairs may be picked up in store. Mayo Clinic Store also offers free delivery within its geographical service area. For additional details, speaking with a staff member can help clarify available options.

Warranty Information

Lift chairs come with a manufacturer warranty. Store staff can provide detailed information about coverage and what to expect over time.

Insurance Considerations

In limited circumstances, lift chair mechanisms may be covered by medical insurance or waiver programs. It is recommended to consult your insurance provider or speak with a Mayo Clinic Store staff member for guidance.

When selecting a lift chair, consider:

• Your height and weight
• Mobility level and medical needs
• Preferred seating position and support features
• Home space and style preferences

A properly fitted lift chair can provide both comfort and functional support, making daily activities easier and safer.

Lift chairs are more than just furniture; they are tools that can enhance quality of life. By improving safety, comfort and independence, they can help individuals remain active and supported in their own homes.

Visiting a store for expert guidance and personalized fitting can help ensure you choose a lift chair that meets your needs today and in the future.

Sources: 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (n.d.). Lift Chairs Solutions for Healthier Living. Mayo Clinic.

For decades, creatine has been closely associated with athletes, a staple in gym bags and protein shakes, and often linked to muscle growth and performance.

More recently, that perception has begun to shift. Creatine is now being discussed not only for physical performance, but also for focus help, healthy aging and everyday function. Interest has expanded beyond athletes to include older adults, women, vegetarians and others looking to maintain strength and mental sharpness over time.

Understanding what creatine is, and what the evidence actually shows, can help you decide whether it may have a role in your health.

Creatine is a naturally occurring compound found in the body. It plays an essential role in how cells produce and use energy.

Your body makes creatine from amino acids, primarily arginine, glycine and methionine. It is also obtained through dietary sources such as:

• Meat

• Fish

• Poultry

• Dairy products

In the body, creatine is converted into phosphocreatine, which helps regenerate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy source for cells. This process is especially important during short bursts of activity and in tissues with high energy demands.

About 95% of the body’s creatine is stored in skeletal muscle, where it supports strength and movement. The remaining amount is found in other tissues, including the brain.

Dietary intake varies significantly:

• Omnivorous diets typically provide about 1 to 2 grams per day

• Vegetarian diets provide much smaller amounts

• Vegan diets provide little to none

This difference can influence how individuals respond to supplementation.

Bone health findings are more mixed. Some studies suggest that creatine may reduce markers of bone breakdown and support bone structure when combined with exercise. However, it has not consistently been shown to increase bone mineral density on its own.

Considerations for women

Emerging research suggests that creatine may offer additional benefits for women, particularly during perimenopause and menopause.

In one recent clinical study, creatine supplementation was associated with:

• Improved reaction time

• Increased brain creatine levels

• Favorable changes in lipid markers

While more research is needed, these findings suggest a potential role for creatine in supporting both physical and cognitive health during hormonal transitions.

Form

• Creatine monohydrate is the most widely studied and recommended form

• Other forms are available, but none have consistently shown superior effectiveness

Dosing

Common approaches include:

• Loading phase: 20 grams per day (divided doses) for 5 to 7 days

• Maintenance phase: 3 to 5 grams per day

Some people choose to skip the loading phase and take a consistent daily dose. This approach also increases creatine levels over time, though more gradually.

Safety

Creatine is generally considered safe for healthy adults when used at recommended doses.

Research has not shown harmful effects on kidney or liver function in healthy individuals. However, certain precautions apply.

Possible side effects include:

• Temporary water retention in muscles

• Mild weight gain

• Occasional digestive discomfort

If you have kidney disease, take medications or have other health concerns, consult your health care professional before using creatine.

Creatine is not necessary for everyone. However, certain groups may be more likely to benefit.

Those who may benefit include:

• Adults over 55 seeking to maintain muscle strength, especially with resistance training

• Vegetarians and vegans with low dietary creatine intake

• Women in perimenopause or menopause (emerging evidence)

• Individuals experiencing high mental demands or sleep-related fatigue

• People recovering from illness, injury or periods of inactivity

Those for whom benefits may be less clear:

• Younger individuals with adequate dietary intake and regular training

• People expecting creatine alone, without exercise, to reverse muscle loss

Creatine works best as part of a broader approach that includes physical activity and good nutrition.

Sources: 

Li, N. (2026, January 12). Creatine supplementation and exercise in aging: A narrative review of the muscle-brain axis and its impact on cognitive and Physical Health. Frontiers in nutrition. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12832544/ 

Marshall S;Kitzan A;Wright J;Bocicariu L;Nagamatsu LS; (n.d.). Creatine and cognition in aging: A systematic review of evidence in older adults. Nutrition reviews. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40971619/ 

Sandkühler, J. F., Kersting, X., Faust, A., Königs, E. K., Altman, G., Ettinger, U., Lux, S., Philipsen, A., Müller, H., & Brauner, J. (2023, November 15). The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance-A randomised controlled study. BMC medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10647179/ 

T;, C. D. (n.d.). Effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscle, Bone and brain- hope or hype for older adults?. Current osteoporosis reports. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39509039/ 

If you’ve ever stood in a supplement aisle or scrolled through pages of options online, you’ve likely seen magnesium in many forms: glycinate, citrate, L-threonate, malate and more. The labels can be confusing, and it’s not always clear whether you need magnesium at all, let alone which type to choose.

Interest in magnesium supplements has grown in recent years, as more people learn that different forms vary in how well they’re absorbed and how they may affect the body. Understanding these differences can help you make informed decisions about your health.

Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions. It plays a role in many basic processes that keep your body functioning normally.

Key functions include:

• Energy production through the synthesis of ATP, the body’s main energy molecule

• Muscle contraction and relaxation, including the heart muscle

• Nerve signaling, helping transmit messages throughout the body

• Blood pressure regulation

• Bone health, working alongside calcium and vitamin D

• Blood sugar control, supporting insulin function

Because magnesium is involved in so many systems, low levels can affect multiple aspects of health.

Magnesium supplements are commonly divided into two categories: organic and inorganic compounds.

• Organic forms (such as citrate, glycinate, malate and lactate) are bound to organic molecules like amino acids or acids. These forms tend to be more soluble and are generally better absorbed by the body.

• Inorganic forms (such as oxide, sulfate and chloride) are not bound to organic molecules and are typically less well absorbed.

Another important concept is elemental magnesium, or the actual amount of magnesium available for the body to use. Some supplements contain a higher percentage of elemental magnesium but are less easily absorbed. As a result, a higher number on the label does not always mean greater benefit.

Magnesium glycinate

Magnesium glycinate is bound to the amino acid glycine. It is often described as gentle on the digestive system and less likely to cause diarrhea than some other forms.

This form is commonly used for general supplementation and may be helpful for people seeking support for sleep, stress or relaxation. It is considered one of the more bioavailable forms.

Magnesium citrate

Magnesium citrate is one of the most widely available and commonly used forms. It is well absorbed and relatively affordable.

At higher doses, it can have a mild laxative effect. For this reason, it is sometimes used to relieve occasional constipation.

Magnesium malate

Magnesium malate is combined with malic acid, a compound involved in energy production. It is generally well absorbed and may be less likely to cause digestive side effects than some other forms.

It is sometimes marketed for energy support or muscle discomfort, although more research is needed to confirm these benefits.

Magnesium oxide

Magnesium oxide contains a high percentage of elemental magnesium, but it is poorly absorbed by the body.

It is often used to relieve constipation due to its laxative effect. However, it is less effective than other forms for raising magnesium levels in the bloodstream.

Magnesium taurate

Magnesium taurate combines magnesium with taurine, an amino acid involved in cardiovascular function.

Some research suggests it may support heart health and blood sugar regulation, but evidence in humans is still limited.

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)

Magnesium sulfate is commonly known as Epsom salt and is often added to baths to help soothe sore muscles.

However, there is little evidence that magnesium is significantly absorbed through the skin during bathing. As a result, Epsom salt baths are unlikely to meaningfully increase magnesium levels in the body.

Blood pressure

Magnesium supplementation has been associated with modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Some analyses of clinical trials suggest greater benefits in people with hypertension or low magnesium levels. However, regulatory agencies note that the overall evidence remains mixed.

Cognitive health

Magnesium is involved in many neurological processes, and early research suggests it may support cognitive function and mood.

However, most clinical studies are small or short-term, and more rigorous research is needed before making specific recommendations.

Bone health

Magnesium contributes to bone formation and helps regulate hormones involved in bone metabolism, including parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.

Some studies link higher magnesium intake with greater bone density. However, research specifically on supplementation is still limited.

Recommended daily magnesium intake varies by age and sex:

• Men: 400–420 mg per day

• Women: 310–320 mg per day

• Needs may increase during pregnancy

The tolerable upper intake level for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg per day for adults. Magnesium obtained from food does not carry the same risk.

High doses from supplements may cause:

• Diarrhea

• Nausea

• Abdominal cramping

Magnesium can also interact with certain medications, including:

• Diuretics

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

• Some antibiotics

If you take medications or have a medical condition, consult your health care professional before starting a supplement.

There is no single “best” form of magnesium. The right choice depends on your health goals and individual needs.

A general guide:

• For overall support or sensitive digestion: magnesium glycinate

• For sleep or relaxation: magnesium glycinate or taurate

• For constipation or digestive support: magnesium citrate

• For cognitive support: magnesium L-threonate (with emerging evidence)

• For energy or muscle support: magnesium malate or citrate

• For raising magnesium levels: avoid relying on magnesium oxide

Whenever possible, aim to meet your magnesium needs through a balanced diet rich in whole foods. Supplements can help fill gaps, particularly for individuals with increased needs or reduced intake.

Before starting any supplement, talk with your health care professional to determine what’s appropriate for you.

Related articles: 

Lifestyle Matters Most: Everyday Habits That Support Healthy Cognitive Aging

Methylcobalamin: Benefits, Uses, and How It Works

Phosphatidylserine Explained: What It Is and Why It Matters

Sources: 

Cepeda, V., Ródenas-Munar, M., García, S., Bouzas, C., & Tur, J. A. (2025, June 16). Unlocking the power of magnesium: A systematic review and meta-analysis regarding its role in oxidative stress and inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12189353/ 

Magnesium supplementation and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CoLab. (n.d.). https://colab.ws/articles/10.1161%2Fhypertensionaha.125.25129 

Matek Sarić, M., Sorić, T., Juko Kasap, Ž., Lisica Šikić, N., Mavar, M., Andruškienė, J., & Sarić, A. (2025, November 20). Magnesium: Health effects, deficiency burden, and future public health directions. Nutrients. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12655508/ 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-a). Office of dietary supplements - magnesium. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ 

Cognitive health, or the ability to think clearly, learn and remember, is shaped by many factors. While age and genetics play a role, research consistently shows that lifestyle choices have a powerful influence on how the brain ages. Regular physical activity, restorative sleep, blood pressure control, hearing and vision care, and strong social connections are all linked to better cognitive function over time.

The encouraging news: Many of these factors are within your control.

The brain depends on a steady supply of oxygen-rich blood, balanced hormones, quality sleep and meaningful stimulation. Habits that support heart health, sensory health and emotional well-being also support the brain.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with:

• Slower cognitive decline

• Lower risk of dementia

• Better memory and executive function

• Improved mood and resilience

Taking small, consistent steps can make a meaningful difference.

Sleep is not simply rest; it is an active process that supports memory consolidation, emotional regulation and removal of metabolic waste from the brain.

Chronic sleep deprivation is associated with:

• Difficulty concentrating

• Impaired memory

• Increased risk of cognitive decline

Most adults need 7 to 9 hours of quality sleep each night.

To improve sleep:

• Maintain a consistent bedtime and wake time

• Limit caffeine and alcohol close to bedtime

• Reduce screen use before sleep

• Create a cool, dark and quiet sleep environment

If you experience persistent insomnia, loud snoring or daytime sleepiness, talk with your healthcare professional.

High blood pressure (hypertension) can damage blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the brain. Over time, uncontrolled hypertension increases the risk of stroke, vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.

Managing blood pressure helps preserve brain function.

Healthy strategies include:

• Following a heart-healthy eating plan

• Reducing sodium intake

• Staying physically active

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Taking prescribed medications as directed

Regular monitoring and partnership with your care team are key.

Hearing and vision changes are common with aging, but untreated sensory loss can contribute to cognitive strain.

When the brain must work harder to process muffled sounds or blurred images, it may divert resources from memory and thinking tasks. Hearing and vision loss are also linked to social isolation, another risk factor for cognitive decline.

To support sensory health:

• Have regular hearing and vision screenings

• Use hearing aids or corrective lenses as recommended

• Address cataracts, glaucoma or other eye conditions early

Prompt treatment can improve quality of life and may help protect cognitive function.

What you eat influences more than heart health and weight; it also affects how your brain functions and ages. Rather than focusing on single “superfoods,” research shows that overall diet patterns have the greatest impact on long-term cognitive health.

A balanced, nutrient-dense eating pattern supports blood vessel health, reduces inflammation and provides essential nutrients that help maintain brain structure and function.

Eating plans associated with improved brain health share common features. These include:

• Abundant fruits and vegetables

• Whole grains

• Legumes and nuts

• Lean protein sources, especially fish

• Healthy fats such as olive oil

• Limited intake of processed foods, added sugars and saturated fats

The Mediterranean-style diet and the MIND diet (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) are two eating patterns that have been studied for their potential role in supporting cognitive function.

Brain health does not depend on a single habit. It reflects the combined impact of daily choices across many areas of life.

“When it comes to cognitive aging, there isn’t a single breakthrough food or supplement that makes the difference. It’s the consistent pattern of daily choices, such as how you move, sleep, eat and stay socially connected that shapes brain health over time,” says Director of Research for the Mayo Clinic Integrative Program Brent A. Bauer, M.D. “Small, sustainable habits practiced year after year have a powerful cumulative effect.”

A comprehensive approach includes:

• Regular physical activity

• Consistent, restorative sleep

• Cardiovascular risk management

• Sensory health care

• Social and emotional engagement

• Dietary patterns

It is never too early or too late to adopt healthier habits.

If you have concerns about memory, thinking or changes in daily functioning, consult your health care professional. Early evaluation can help identify treatable causes and guide appropriate care.

Lifestyle matters most when it comes to supporting cognitive aging. By caring for your body, senses and social well-being, you also care for your brain.

Small, steady steps today can help support clearer thinking and a higher quality of life in the years ahead.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Related Articles: 

Healthy Aging: Staying Strong, Sharp, and Independent

Sources: 

F;, C. X. B. H. (n.d.). Dietary patterns and cognitive health in older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30689586/

Neergaard, L. (2025, July 30). To stay sharper while aging, Get Active, Challenge Your Brain, and Eat Healthy. AP News. https://apnews.com/article/brain-health-dementia-exercise-diet-33fe2ed685acc30452005e53eba11410 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2026, February 13). Healthful diet linked to reduced risk of cognitive decline. National Institutes of Health. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/healthful-diet-linked-reduced-risk-cognitive-decline 

Grip strength is a simple measure of how strongly you can squeeze or hold an object. While it may seem like a small detail, grip strength plays an important role in daily function, overall health, and long-term well-being.

Grip strength refers to the force generated by the muscles of the hand, wrist and forearm. It is commonly measured using a handheld device called a dynamometer, which records how hard you can squeeze.

Grip strength reflects more than just hand power. It is influenced by muscle mass, nerve function, joint health and overall physical condition. Because of this, grip strength is often used as a general indicator of muscular strength and functional ability.

Improving grip strength can be beneficial for:

• Older adults aiming to maintain independence

• People recovering from hand, wrist or arm injuries

• Individuals with arthritis or joint stiffness

• Athletes and recreational exercisers

• Anyone who notices weakness or fatigue during daily hand tasks

If you have pain, numbness or a medical condition affecting your hands or arms, consult a healthcare professional before starting new exercises.

Grip strength can often be improved with consistent, targeted exercises. These activities focus on strengthening the muscles of the hands and forearms.

Simple Grip Strengthening Exercises

Hand squeezes

• Squeeze a soft ball, therapy putty or rolled towel

• Hold for 3 to 5 seconds, then release

• Repeat 10 to 15 times per hand

Finger pinches

• Pinch a soft object between your thumb and each finger

• Hold briefly, then relax

• Repeat several times on each hand

Wrist curls

• Hold a light weight, resistance band, or household item

• Slowly bend your wrist up and down

• Perform 10 to 15 repetitions in each direction

Farmer’s carries

• Hold a moderately heavy object in each hand

• Walk a short distance while maintaining good posture

• Start with light weight and progress gradually

Contact a healthcare professional if you experience:

• Sudden or severe loss of grip strength

• Persistent hand pain or swelling

• Numbness, tingling or weakness in the hands or arms

• Difficulty performing routine tasks despite exercise

These symptoms may signal an underlying condition that requires evaluation.

Grip strength is a practical and meaningful measure of physical health. It supports daily activities, contributes to independence and may reflect overall muscle strength and function. With simple exercises and regular activity, many people can maintain or improve their grip strength over time.

If you are unsure where to start or have existing health concerns, a healthcare professional or physical therapist can help guide a safe and effective approach.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Doctors, A. the. (2023, December 18). Grip strength an important biomarker for assessing health. UCLA Health. https://www.uclahealth.org/news/article/grip-strength-important-biomarker-assessing-health 

Hua-Rui L;Shouliang H;Zhengze Y;Ning J;Peihua L;Yifei Z;Fenglin P; (n.d.). Optimal dose of resistance training to improve handgrip strength in older adults with sarcopenia: A systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis. Frontiers in physiology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40671711/ 

RW;, B. (n.d.). Grip strength: An indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clinical interventions in aging. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31631989/ 

Healthy aging isn’t about trying to stop time. It’s about maintaining strength, mobility, thinking skills and independence so you can keep doing the things that matter to you.

Many people ask similar questions as they get older:

• How do I stay strong and avoid becoming frail?

• How can I keep my focus sharp?

• Is it possible to slow aging or improve my “healthspan”?

• Which vitamins or supplements are actually worth taking after 50?

Research shows that healthy aging is shaped less by any single pill or product and more by daily habits that support physical and mental function over time.

Why Muscles Matter as You Age

As people get older, they naturally lose muscle mass and strength, a condition known as sarcopenia. This loss is strongly linked to:

• Falls and fractures

• Difficulty with daily activities

• Loss of independence

Healthy aging is increasingly defined by functional ability or your ability to walk, climb stairs, carry groceries and get up from a chair.

What Helps Most

• Strength training 2–3 times per week
  Exercises that work major muscle groups help preserve strength and balance. Moderate-to-high intensity resistance training is safe and effective for many older adults when done correctly.

• Balance training
  Simple exercises that challenge balance can lower fall risk.

• Enough protein
  Protein needs often increase with age. Spreading protein intake across meals helps support muscle maintenance.

What About Supplements?

Protein supplements or creatine may help some older adults who struggle to meet protein needs through food alone, but they work best alongside regular strength training, not instead of it.

Healthspan vs. Biological Age

• Lifespan: how long you live

• Healthspan: how long you live in good physical and mental health

Healthy aging focuses on maximizing healthspan—maintaining strength, mobility and independence for as long as possible.

Can You Lower Your "Biological Age?"

New tests estimate biological age using blood markers or epigenetic changes. Early studies suggest that regular exercise, good nutrition, adequate vitamin D (when deficient), and omega-3 fatty acids may slightly influence some biological aging markers. However, experts caution that these tests are not diagnostic and don’t yet predict individual health outcomes.

Products marketed as “longevity pills,” NAD+ boosters or cellular anti-aging formulas often lack long-term evidence showing meaningful health benefits.

Keeping Bones Strong

Bone density naturally declines with age, especially after menopause. To support bone health:

• Weight-bearing and resistance exercise are essential

• Calcium and vitamin D help maintain bone strength when intake or levels are low

Supplements work best when paired with movement, not as a replacement for it.

Joint Comfort and Staying Active

Glucosamine, chondroitin and collagen are widely used for joint health.

What consistently helps:

• Staying physically active

• Maintaining a healthy weight

• Following an anti-inflammatory eating pattern

Healthy aging isn’t about finding a single supplement or reversing time. It’s about supporting the systems that keep you strong, mobile and mentally engaged.

If you’re considering supplements or making changes to your routine, talk with your healthcare professional, especially if you have chronic conditions or take medications.

Small, consistent steps taken today can make a meaningful difference in how you age tomorrow.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

10 common misconceptions about aging | National Institute on Aging. (n.d.-a). https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/healthy-aging/10-common-misconceptions-about-aging 

Bone Health and Osteoporosis Foundation’s updated “Clinician’s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis” is now available . Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation. (2022, June 6). https://www.bonehealthandosteoporosis.org/news/bone-health-and-osteoporosis-foundations-updated-clinicians-guide-to-prevention-and-treatment-of-osteoporosis-is-now-available/ 

How the aging brain affects thinking | National Institute on Aging. (n.d.-a). https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/brain-health/how-aging-brain-affects-thinking 

Li J;Capuano AW;Agarwal P;Arvanitakis Z;Wang Y;De Jager PL;Schneider JA;Tasaki S;de Paiva Lopes K;Hu FB;Bennett DA;Liang L;Grodstein F; (n.d.). The mind diet, brain transcriptomic alterations, and dementia. Alzheimer’s & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer’s Association. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39129336/ 

Osteoarthritis. American College of Rheumatology - empowering rheumatology professionals. (n.d.). https://rheumatology.org/patients/osteoarthritis 

PM;, P. M. M. A. (n.d.). Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: A meta-analysis. Ageing research reviews. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20385254/ 

Skin care in your 40s and 50s. American Academy of Dermatology. (n.d.-d). https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/care/skin-care-in-your-40s-and-50s 

World Health Organization. (n.d.). Ageing and health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health 

Many people associate mobility aids with losing independence. In reality, the opposite is often true. The right mobility aid used at the right time can help you stay active, reduce pain, prevent falls and protect your long-term independence.

If you’ve been wondering when to start using a cane or debating a cane vs walker, you’re not alone. These decisions are common, personal and often emotional. Understanding your options and knowing when extra support can help can make the transition feel more empowering than limiting.

It’s common to resist using a cane or walker, even when balance or strength has changed. Some of the most common concerns include:

• Fear of looking “old” or frail

• Worry about becoming dependent on the device

• Belief that using an aid means health is declining

• Concern about how others will react

These feelings are understandable. But mobility aids are tools and are not a measure of worth or ability. When used appropriately, they can help you move more confidently and safely, which often allows people to do more, not less.

Choosing between a cane and a walker depends on how much support you need and how your body moves.

When a Cane May be Enough

A cane provides light support and balance assistance. It may be appropriate if you:

• Have mild balance issues

• Need support on one side due to arthritis, injury or weakness

• Walk independently but feel slightly unsteady

• Experience pain that improves with light weight-bearing support

A properly fitted cane can reduce stress on joints and improve stability without limiting movement. Learn more about different types of canes and how to choose the right one.

When a Walker May be Safer

A walker provides greater stability and weight support. It may be a better choice if you:

• Feel unsteady on both sides

• Have significant balance problems

• Need to put weight through your arms to reduce leg pain

• Have fallen recently or feel at high risk for falling

Walkers come in several styles, including standard walkers and rollators with wheels and seats. Explore available walkers to find options that match your mobility needs and lifestyle.

In some cases, other devices may help:

• Walking poles for balance during outdoor activity

• Wheelchairs or scooters for longer distances

• Accessories such as grips, tips or seats to improve comfort and safety

A physical therapist or health care professional can help determine the best option and ensure proper fit.

If you’re unsure when to start using a cane or walker, consider these steps:

1.  Talk with a health care professional about your symptoms and concerns

2.  Get properly fitted — height and handle placement matter

3.  Practice using the device at home before going out

4.  Use accessories that improve comfort, grip and stability

5.  Reassess over time — your needs may change

Using a mobility aid isn’t a sign of weakness. It’s a proactive choice to protect your health, maintain independence and stay engaged in daily life.

If you’re on the fence, remember: the goal isn’t to walk without assistance. It’s to move safely, confidently and comfortably for as long as possible.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

American Academy of Family Physicians. (2021, June 15). How to use canes and Walkers. American Family Physician. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2021/0615/p737-s1.html 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023e, August 15). TIPS for choosing and using walkers. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/healthy-aging/in-depth/walker/art-20546805 

Tip sheet: Choosing the right cane or Walker. Tip Sheet: Choosing the Right Cane or Walker | HealthInAging.org. (n.d.). https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-choosing-right-cane-or-walker 

Flexible Spending Accounts (FSA) and Health Savings Accounts (HSA) are valuable tools that help you manage out-of-pocket health care costs. These accounts let you set aside pre-tax dollars for eligible medical expenses, from prescription medications to select over-the-counter items.

In some cases, you may also be able to use your FSA or HSA funds to purchase skin care products or other health-related items if they are recommended by your health care provider and accompanied by a Letter of Medical Necessity (LMN).

Although FSAs and HSAs serve a similar purpose, which helps you pay for qualified medical expenses with pre-tax funds, there are key differences between the two accounts:

• Eligibility:
• An FSA is typically offered through an employer as part of a benefits package. You cannot open one independently.
• An HSA is available to individuals who are enrolled in a high-deductible health plan (HDHP) and can be opened through an employer or financial institution.
• Ownership and Portability:
• An FSA is owned by your employer. If you leave your job, your unused funds generally do not move with you.
• An HSA is owned by you. The money stays with you even if you change jobs or health plans.
• Rollover Rules:
• FSA funds typically must be used within the plan year, although some employers may allow a small amount to roll over or a short grace period to spend remaining funds.
• HSA funds roll over from year to year without expiration, allowing your balance to grow over time.
• Contribution Limits:
• Both accounts have annual contribution limits that are set by the IRS and can change each year.

Both FSAs and HSAs can be used for a wide variety of eligible expenses, including prescription medications, medical devices, and certain skin care products with a Letter of Medical Necessity.

You may be able to use your FSA or HSA funds for items such as:

• Dermatologist-recommended skin care products, including specific cleansers, moisturizers, or acne treatments used to manage chronic skin conditions such as eczema, rosacea, or severe acne.

• Medical-grade sunscreens prescribed to protect sensitive skin or to manage sun-related disorders.

• Compression garments used for medical conditions like varicose veins or lymphedema.

• Specialty medical devices, such as light therapy tools for psoriasis or percussive therapy guns for chronic pain management.

Always check with your plan administrator to confirm eligibility before making a purchase.

1. Consult your provider: Discuss your symptoms or condition with your health care provider. If a specific product or treatment is recommended, ask whether it qualifies for an LMN.

2. Get the letter in writing: The LMN should include your provider’s name, signature, and a brief explanation of why the product is necessary for your medical condition.

3. Submit documentation: Keep your receipt and the LMN for your records. Some FSA or HSA administrators require you to submit both documents for reimbursement or payment approval.

Using your FSA or HSA funds effectively helps you save money while managing your health needs. A Letter of Medical Necessity ensures that qualified products, particularly those related to chronic skin conditions or ongoing medical care, are covered appropriately.

By understanding what qualifies and maintaining proper documentation, you can make the most of your health spending accounts and focus on what matters most - your well-being.

*Not all products available at Mayo Clinic Store are FSA or HSA eligible, even with a Letter of Medical Necessity (LMN). The Internal Revenue System (IRS) decides which items and expenses can be from an FSA or HSA and are able to modify the list at any time. It is best to always consult with your benefits administator for advice on the eligibility of products. You can also familiarize yourself with the the eligibility requirements from the IRS for medical expenses prior to requesting an LMD from your treating provider. 

Related articles: 

Maximize Your Health Savings for FSA/HSA

Sources: 

Health Care Options, using a flexible spending account FSA. HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). https://www.healthcare.gov/have-job-based-coverage/flexible-spending-accounts/ 

Letter of medical necessity: Definition & examples. MetLife. (n.d.). https://www.metlife.com/stories/benefits/letter-of-medical-necessity/ 

Publication 502 (2024), medical and dental expenses. Internal Revenue Service. (n.d.). https://www.irs.gov/publications/p502 

Many people think sunscreen is only necessary on hot, sunny days. However, dermatologists and skin health experts agree: protecting your skin from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays is important all year long. Whether it’s summer or winter, clear or cloudy, sunscreen plays a key role in maintaining healthy skin and reducing the risk of long-term damage.

The sun emits two types of harmful rays: ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). UVA rays penetrate deep into the skin and contribute to premature aging and wrinkles, while UVB rays cause sunburn. Both types can increase your risk of skin cancer, including melanoma, the most serious form.

Even when it’s cloudy, up to 80% of UV rays can pass through the clouds. Snow, sand, and water can also reflect sunlight, increasing your exposure. That means you can still experience sun damage on overcast or cold days, during outdoor activities, or even while driving.

For effective protection, dermatologists recommend using a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. “Broad-spectrum” means the product protects against both UVA and UVB rays.

If you have sensitive or acne-prone skin, look for sunscreens labeled “noncomedogenic” or “for sensitive skin.” Mineral-based sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are often well tolerated.

Water-resistant formulas are helpful during physical activity, swimming, or sweating, but should still be reapplied at least every two hours.

To get the most benefit from your sunscreen:

• Apply it 15 minutes before going outside.

• Use about one ounce (a shot glass full) to cover exposed skin.

• Don’t forget your ears, neck, tops of feet, and back of your hands.

• Reapply every two hours, or more often if you’re swimming or sweating.

Sunscreen should be part of your daily routine, just like brushing your teeth. Apply it to your face, neck, and any exposed areas each morning, even if you’ll spend most of the day indoors. UVA rays can penetrate glass, meaning your skin is still at risk while driving or sitting near windows.

• Use lip balm with SPF 15 or higher.

• Wear protective clothing, a wide-brimmed hat, and UV-blocking sunglasses.

• Seek shade during midday hours when the sun’s rays are strongest.

• Avoid tanning beds, which emit harmful UV radiation.

Sunscreen is a simple, effective way to protect your skin and promote lifelong skin health. By making sunscreen a daily habit, you can reduce your risk of skin cancer, prevent early signs of aging, and keep your skin healthy no matter the season. 

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. (n.d.). Sunscreen: How to help protect your skin from the sun. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/understanding-over-counter-medicines/sunscreen-how-help-protect-your-skin-sun 

Sunscreen. The Skin Cancer Foundation. (2025, October 20). https://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-prevention/sun-protection/sunscreen/ 

Sunscreen faqs. American Academy of Dermatology. (n.d.-d). https://www.aad.org/media/stats-sunscreen 

Shower safety is important for people of all ages, but it becomes especially critical for older adults, people recovering from surgery, and those with mobility challenges. Slips and falls in the bathroom are common, but many risks can be reduced with the right precautions and safety products.

Bathrooms are one of the most common places for household accidents. Wet, slippery surfaces, combined with limited space, increase the risk of falls. For older adults, a fall can lead to serious injuries, such as fractures. Even younger adults and children can benefit from safety features that make showers more secure and comfortable.

Many products are designed to make showering safer and more comfortable:

Non-slip mats and strips

Placed on the shower floor, these reduce the risk of slipping on wet surfaces. They are available in different sizes and textures to suit different types of showers.

Grab bars and safety rails

Grab bars provide sturdy handholds for balance and support. They can be installed vertically, horizontally, or at an angle. Look for models with textured grips to prevent slipping.

Shower chairs and benches

For people who have difficulty standing for long periods, a shower chair or bench offers stability and reduces fatigue. Some models fold up to save space.

Handheld shower heads

A handheld shower head allows better control of water flow and makes it easier to bathe while seated. Many models include adjustable settings for comfort.

Raised shower thresholds or curbless showers

For people using mobility aids like walkers or wheelchairs, a curbless or walk-in shower can significantly reduce the risk of tripping when entering or exiting.

Slip-resistant flooring

If you are remodeling, choosing slip-resistant tiles or flooring can make a big difference in safety.

If you or a loved one has experienced a fall, struggles with balance, or has mobility challenges, consider discussing shower safety with a healthcare provider. Occupational therapists can recommend specific products or modifications based on individual needs.

Shower safety is essential for preventing falls and injuries in the bathroom. Simple changes such as adding non-slip mats, grab bars, and handheld shower heads can make daily routines safer and more comfortable. Whether for children, older adults, or anyone with limited mobility, investing in shower safety products supports both independence and peace of mind.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

AC;, L. I. R. (n.d.). Grab bar use influences fall hazard during bathtub exit. Human factors. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34963373/ 

Mayo Clinic. (2017). Home Safety Tips. Rochester, Minnesota; Mayo Clinic. https://mcforms.mayo.edu/mc0400-mc0499/mc0496.pdf 

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.-a). Bathroom safety for adults: Medlineplus Medical Encyclopedia. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000021.htm 

Knee replacement surgery is one of the most effective treatments for severe knee arthritis or injury. The procedure can relieve chronic pain, improve mobility, and restore quality of life. But surgery is only the first step. A successful recovery also depends on rehabilitation. Physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) are essential for regaining strength, independence, and confidence after knee replacement.

Following knee replacement surgery, the body needs time and structured support to heal. The new joint requires surrounding muscles, ligaments, and tissues to adapt. Pain, swelling, and stiffness can make movement difficult, and old walking patterns often need to be retrained.

Physical and occupational therapists design individualized recovery plans that address these challenges. Their guidance helps patients move safely, restore function, and return to everyday activities with confidence.

Regaining independence in daily life: occupational therapy focuses on activities such as bathing, dressing, cooking, and cleaning. After knee replacement, these tasks can be difficult at first. OT provides training, adaptive equipment, and strategies to make daily routines easier and safer.

Improving home safety: an OT can evaluate your home and suggest modifications to reduce fall risks. Common recommendations include adding grab bars, using a shower chair, raising toilet seats, or rearranging furniture to allow easier use of a walker or cane.

Conserving energy and protecting the new joint: recovery from knee surgery often brings fatigue. OT helps patients pace themselves, conserve energy, and learn safe ways to protect their new joint while staying active.

Returning to valued activities: from gardening to exercise to playing with grandchildren, occupational therapy helps patients return to meaningful activities. Individualized plans are designed to restore not just physical ability but also quality of life.

Physical and occupational therapy complement one another after knee replacement. PT focuses on building strength, balance, and mobility. OT ensures that those gains translate into everyday independence. Together, they provide a complete, patient-centered approach to recovery by helping individuals return to safe movement, self-care, and the activities they enjoy most.

Knee replacement surgery can be life-changing, but recovery requires more than surgery alone. Physical and occupational therapy are key to managing pain, improving mobility, and regaining independence. With a structured rehabilitation plan, most people are able to return not only to their daily routines but also to the activities that bring them comfort, joy, and confidence.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Dutta, S., Ambade, R., Wankhade, D., & Agrawal, P. (2024, February 25). Rehabilitation techniques before and after total knee arthroplasty for a better quality of life. Cureus. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10965116/  

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2024b, November 15). Knee replacement. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/knee-replacement/about/pac-20385276 

Total knee replacement surgery patient education MC2111. (n.d.-c). https://mcforms.mayo.edu/mc2100-mc2199/mc2111.pdf 

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring compound found in every cell of your body. It plays a role in producing energy for cell growth and maintenance and acts as a powerful antioxidant, helping protect cells from damage.

Your body makes CoQ10, but levels can decline with age or certain health conditions. You can also get CoQ10 from foods and dietary supplements.

CoQ10 is essential for cellular energy production, especially in the heart, muscles, and other tissues with high energy demands. Research suggests it may:

• Support heart health – may help improve symptoms in certain heart conditions and support recovery after heart surgery.
• Reduce oxidative stress – acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.
• Support exercise performance – may improve energy production and reduce fatigue in some individuals.

While promising, more research is needed to fully understand the effectiveness of CoQ10 for specific health concerns.

CoQ10 supplements may be helpful for:

• Older adults, as natural levels decline with age
• People taking statin medications, which can lower CoQ10 levels
• Those with certain heart conditions, such as heart failure or angina
• Individuals with specific mitochondrial or metabolic disorders

CoQ10 supplements are generally well tolerated, but side effects like mild digestive upset may occur. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting a supplement, especially if you have medical conditions or take other medications.

CoQ10 is vital for energy production and cellular protection. While your body produces it naturally, certain people may benefit from dietary supplements in addition to food sources. If you’re considering CoQ10 for heart health, fatigue, or other concerns, talk with your healthcare provider to determine if it’s right for you.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2025, May 22). Coenzyme Q10. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-coenzyme-q10/art-20362602 

Saini, R. (2011, July). Coenzyme Q10: The essential nutrient. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3178961/ 

Sood, B. (2024, January 30). Coenzyme Q10. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531491/ 

Maintaining healthy skin requires a consistent skincare routine that supports skin regeneration, hydration, and protection from environmental stressors. A more youthful appearance and healthier skin may be achieved by following a structured morning and evening skincare regimen. 

The Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery in Rochester, Minnesota, is a leading multispecialty center dedicated to providing personalized aesthetic care. The expert team collaborates to deliver comprehensive treatments in a state-of-the-art environment tailored to unique needs of patients. 

At the Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery, patients receive exceptional care from world-renowned specialists, including:

• Dermatologists
• Facial plastic surgeons
• Plastic surgeons
• Oculoplastic surgeons
• Vascular medicine providers

“At Mayo Clinic’s Center for Aesthetic Medicine and Surgery, we recognize that every individual’s skin is unique. Our approach prioritizes personalized care and science-backed routines that support long-term skin health, regeneration, and protection. By tailoring morning and evening regimens to each patient’s needs, we empower individuals to maintain youthful, resilient skin and optimize their skin longevity.”

— Saranya Wyles, MD, PhD, Dermatologist, Mayo Clinic

The following morning and nighttime skincare regimens have been developed in collaboration with the Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery Department at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

A morning skincare routine should focus on cleansing, hydration, and protection to help prepare skin for the day ahead.

1. Cleanse: Start the day with a gentle cleanser to remove overnight buildup of oils and impurities without stripping skin’s natural moisture.
2. Regenerative: Apply a regenerative serum containing peptides or stem cell-derived ingredients to support skin renewal and repair.
3. Eye Treatment: Use a hydrating and de-puffing eye cream to reduce morning puffiness and fine lines around the delicate eye area.
4. Antioxidant: Apply an antioxidant serum, such as one containing vitamin C, to help protect the skin from environmental damage caused by free radicals.
5. Growth Factor: Use a growth factor serum to support collagen production and maintain skin elasticity.
6. Correct: Target specific skin concerns, such as hyperpigmentation or redness, with a corrective treatment recommended by your dermatologist.
7. Brighten: Apply a brightening serum or cream to enhance skin radiance and even out the complexion.
8. Hydrate: Lock in moisture with a lightweight, non-comedogenic moisturizer suitable for the skin type.
9. Protect: Finish with a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) to shield skin from harmful UV rays and prevent premature aging.

5. Growth Factor: Apply a growth factor serum to support skin rejuvenation and collagen synthesis.

6. Correct: Use a targeted treatment for concerns such as acne, dark spots, or uneven tone.

7. Hydrate: Seal in moisture with a rich, hydrating night cream or facial oil to maintain skin hydration overnight.

A well-structured skincare routine can significantly enhance skin’s health and appearance. Choose products suited to skin type and concerns and always use sun protection during the day. If there are specific skin conditions or are unsure which products are best, consult a dermatologist for personalized recommendations.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Addor, F. A. S. (2017). Antioxidants in dermatology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5514576/  

Mayo Clinic. (n.d.). Your Personalized Skin Care Regimen Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2024, October 15). Center for Aesthetic Medicine & Surgery in Rochester. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/departments-centers/rochester-center-aesthetic-medicine-surgery-mayo-clinic/sections/overview/ovc-20519193 

Should I apply my skin care products in a certain order?. American Academy of Dermatology. (n.d.-b). https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/skin-care-basics/care/apply-skin-care-certain-order 

Becoming a caregiver for a loved one can be both rewarding and challenging. Whether caring for an aging parent, a spouse with a chronic illness, or a family member recovering from surgery, stepping into this role requires preparation and emotional resilience. Understanding responsibilities and practicing self-care can help navigate this journey effectively. Below are some tips for new caregivers:

Educate yourself about the condition

Understanding a loved one’s medical condition is crucial. Research their diagnosis, treatment options, and any necessary lifestyle modifications. Ask healthcare providers for guidance and take notes during appointments. Reliable sources such as medical websites, support groups, and caregiving organizations can also provide valuable insights.

Build a support system 

Caregiving can be overwhelming if handled alone. Seek support from family members, friends, and community resources. Join caregiver support groups to connect with others in similar situations. These groups can offer emotional encouragement, practical tips, and valuable advice on managing stress.

Take care of yourself

Caregiver burnout is a real concern. Make time for self-care by engaging in activities that help you relax, such as exercising, reading, or spending time with friends. Maintain a healthy diet, get enough sleep, and seek professional counseling if needed. Taking care of yourself ensures you can provide the best care for your loved one.

Seek professional assistance when necessary

There may be times when professional help is required. Home health aides, respite care services, and counseling professionals can provide additional support. Don't hesitate to ask for help when needed to prevent physical and emotional exhaustion.

Plan for the future

Anticipating future needs can make the caregiving process smoother. Discuss legal and financial matters, including power of attorney, advance directives, and long-term care options. Planning ahead may help relieve stress and ensure that your loved one’s wishes are honored.

Stay flexible and adapt

Caregiving responsibilities may change over time. Stay adaptable and open to modifying routines as needed. Continuously reassess your approach to ensure the best possible care and well-being for both you and your loved one.

Parting thoughts

Being a caregiver is a significant responsibility that comes with emotional and physical challenges. However, with proper preparation, support, and self-care, you can provide compassionate and effective care while maintaining your well-being. Remember, you are not alone—reach out for help and take one step at a time.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Carpenter, C. (2024, October 22). New caregiver tips: What I wish I knew before I started caregiving. Caregiver Action Network. https://www.caregiveraction.org/new-caregiver-tips/ 

HealthInAging.org trusted information. Better Care. Tip Sheet: How to Be the Best Caregiver You Can Be | HealthInAging.org. (n.d.). https://www.healthinaging.org/tools-and-tips/tip-sheet-how-be-best-caregiver-you-can-be 

Taking care of yourself: Tips for caregivers | National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/caregiving/taking-care-yourself-tips-caregivers 

Top caregiver tips for maintaining health and well-being. www.heart.org. (2024, September 26). https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/caregiver-support/tips-for-staying-healthy-and-active  

Properly managing medications is crucial for maintaining health and ensuring the effectiveness of a treatment plan. From understanding prescriptions to using tools like pill cutters and pill organizers, staying organized can help avoid missed doses, medication errors, and potential health complications.

Before starting any medication regimen, it is essential to fully understand the prescriptions. Below are some questions to ask a treating healthcare provider or pharmacist:

• What is this medication for?
• How should I take it, and at what time of day?
• Are there any foods, drinks, or other medications I should avoid while taking this?
• What are the potential side effects, and how should I handle them?

Keep a list of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and vitamins. This list should include the name, dosage, and purpose of each medication, along with any special instructions.

Pill boxes, or medication organizers, are invaluable for keeping track of daily doses. They come in various styles to suit various needs:

Basic pill boxes: These are simple containers divided into compartments for each day of the week.

Advanced organizers: Some pill boxes have multiple compartments per day for morning, afternoon, and evening doses.

Electronic pill dispensers: High-tech options include alarms or notifications to remind users when it is time to take medication.

When using a pill box, refill it at the same time each week to ensure consistency. Double-check medications when filling the compartments to avoid mistakes.

• Set reminders: Use alarms on a phone or a dedicated app as a reminder to take medications.
• Store medications properly: Keep them in a cool, dry place away from sunlight and out of reach of children or pets.
• Dispose of unused medications: Return expired or unused drugs to a pharmacy or take-back program.
• Communicate with a healthcare provider: Regularly review medications with a doctor to ensure they are still necessary and working as intended.

If struggling to keep up with medications, experiencing side effects, or unsure about instructions, do not hesitate to reach out to a healthcare provider. Pharmacists can also offer advice and tools that may help simplify the regimen.

By taking an active role in managing medications and using tools like pill cutters and pill boxes, improving adherence to a treatment plan and supporting overall health can be achieved. Consistency, organization, and communication with a healthcare team are key to staying on track.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician

Sources:

Mayo Clinic. (2017). Managing your Medications. Rochester, Minnesota. 

Platelet-derived exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles released by platelets, carrying bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and genetic material. These structures have emerged as significant mediators of intercellular communication, playing crucial roles in tissue repair, immune modulation, and inflammation. Researchers are increasingly exploring their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine and beyond.

Platelet-derived exosomes (PLT-EXOs) are nano-sized particles released by activated platelets. They facilitate communication between cells by transferring their molecular cargo, which can influence various physiological and pathological processes. These exosomes are abundant in the bloodstream and participate in maintaining vascular homeostasis, modulating immune responses, and supporting wound healing.

The discovery of platelet-derived exosomes dates back to the early days of exosome research in the 1980s, when these small vesicles were initially described as cellular debris. However, advancements in molecular biology and biochemistry in the late 20th century revealed their intricate role in intercellular communication. By the early 2000s, studies began to highlight the functional significance of exosomes in physiological and pathological processes, including their ability to carry bioactive molecules such as RNA and proteins.

In the context of platelet-derived exosomes, initial research focused on their involvement in hemostasis and thrombosis. Over time, scientists uncovered their broader implications in immune modulation, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. The development of sophisticated isolation and characterization techniques has further propelled the study of platelet-derived exosomes, paving the way for their exploration as therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine and other fields.

Recent discoveries underscore the potential of platelet-derived exosomes in promoting wound healing and skin regeneration. A study by Mayo Clinic highlights the use of a purified exosomal product derived from platelets to heal chronic ischemic wounds. This treatment not only restored skin integrity but also regenerated hair follicles, sweat glands, and normal hydration levels. Such advancements showcase the promise of platelet-derived exosomes in addressing difficult-to-treat wounds.

Platelet-derived exosomes represent a groundbreaking area in medical research. Their ability to harness the body’s natural healing mechanisms offers hope for innovative treatments in wound care, regenerative medicine, hair restoration and other fields. Ongoing research continues to unravel their complex roles and therapeutic possibilities, paving the way for advanced, patient-centered healthcare solutions.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Cheng, M., Ma, C., Chen, H.-D., Wu, Y., & Xu, X.-G. (2024, July 5). The roles of exosomes in regulating hair follicle growth. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11232880/ 

Goetzl, E. J., Goetzl, L., Karliner, J. S., Tang, N., & Pulliam, L. (2016, May). Human plasma platelet-derived exosomes: Effects of aspirin. FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4836374/ 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, July 6). Mayo Clinic preclinical discovery triggers wound healing, skin regeneration - mayo clinic news network. Mayo Clinic. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/mayo-clinic-preclinical-discovery-triggers-wound-healing-skin-regeneration/#:~:text=Derived%20from%20platelets%2C%20the%20purified,skin%20oils%20and%20normal%20hydration

Proffer SL;Paradise CR;DeGrazia E;Halaas Y;Durairaj KK;Somenek M;Sivly A;Boon AJ;Behfar A;Wyles SP; (n.d.). Efficacy and tolerability of topical platelet exosomes for skin rejuvenation: Six-week results. Aesthetic surgery journal. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35689936/ 

Tao, S.-C., Guo, S.-C., & Zhang, C.-Q. (2017, July 6). Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: An emerging therapeutic approach. International Journal of Biological Sciences. https://www.ijbs.com/v13p0828.htm 

Wei, K., Huang, H., Liu, M., Shi, D., & Ma, X. (2022, April 15). Platelet-derived exosomes and atherothrombosis. Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9051247/#:~:text=Platelet-derived%20exosomes%20(PLT-,important%20role%20in%20intercellular%20communication

Wyles SP;Proffer SL;Farris P;Randall L;Hillestad ML;Lupo MP;Behfar A; (n.d.). Effect of topical human platelet extract (HPE) for facial skin rejuvenation: A histological study of collagen and Elastin. Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39231070/ 

Wrinkles are a natural part of aging and a testament to a life filled with smiles, laughter, and experience. However, if you'd prefer smoother, firmer skin, modern cosmetic treatments offer effective, non-surgical options to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and rejuvenate your skin.

Wrinkles commonly form on areas exposed to the sun, like the face, neck, and hands. Over time, skin loses elasticity, making it less resilient. Factors such as genetics, UV exposure, smoking, and environmental pollutants further contribute to the appearance of wrinkles.

While there’s nothing unhealthy about wrinkles, maintaining a daily skin care routine and exploring advanced treatments may help enhance skin’s appearance.

Adopting a consistent skin care routine can protect skin and slow signs of aging. A stepwise morning routine may be: 

1. Cleanse: Use a gentle cleanser to remove dirt and impurities.
2. Exfoliate: Apply a physical or chemical exfoliant to remove dead skin cells. Limit to 2-3 times a week if skin is sensitive.
3. Tone: Use a water-based toner to clean and tighten pores.
4. Moisturize: Hydrate your skin to smooth out fine lines and maintain elasticity.
5. Protect: Apply sunscreen daily to shield your skin from harmful UV rays.

For deeper wrinkles and faster results, consult a licensed professional for advanced, non-surgical options:

Laser Resurfacing
Fractional laser therapy is a popular choice, offering two approaches:

• Ablative Lasers: Remove the outer skin layer while heating underlying layers to stimulate collagen production.
• Non-Ablative Lasers: Warm the dermis to boost collagen without removing the outer skin layer, minimizing downtime.

Fractional lasers target specific areas, reducing recovery time and side effects while delivering smoother, tighter skin.

Chemical Peels
Chemical peels remove the outermost layer of skin to reveal smoother skin beneath. Peels range in intensity:

• Superficial Peels: Gentle and ideal for minor wrinkles.
• Medium/Deep Peels: Address deeper wrinkles but may require sedation or pain relief.

Both laser treatments and chemical peels can produce noticeable improvements in skin's appearance. However, these procedures should be performed by licensed professionals who can evaluate each individual's skin and recommend the best approach.

Whether looking for at-home skin care or professional treatments, staying consistent with a skin care routine and seeking guidance from dermatology experts can help achieve healthier, smoother-looking skin.

For more insights on facial skin care and advanced treatments, consult a trusted dermatologist or licensed aesthetician.

Sources: 

Mayo Clinic health letter. Facial skin care. (2024, April).

Circadian rhythms are natural, internal processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and repeat approximately every 24 hours. These rhythms play a critical role in maintaining overall health by influencing various biological processes, including hormone release, metabolism, and body temperature. When circadian rhythms are disrupted, they can impact your physical and mental well-being.

Circadian rhythms are driven by a biological clock located in the brain’s hypothalamus. This internal clock responds to environmental cues, primarily light and darkness, to synchronize bodily functions with the day-night cycle.

For instance, when light enters eyes in the morning, it signals the brain to reduce melatonin production—a hormone that helps promotes sleep—while increasing alertness. In contrast, darkness triggers the release of melatonin, preparing the body for rest.

While the sleep-wake cycle is a recognized circadian rhythm, other systems, such as digestion and immune response, also follow these patterns.

If experiecing persistent sleep problems or suspect a circadian rhythm disorder, consult a healthcare provider. A thorough evaluation, which can include a sleep study, can help diagnose any issue present and serve as a guide for appropriate treatment. 

While occasional disruptions are common, prolonged issues may impact quality of life. By understanding the body's natural rhythms and adopting strategies to help maintain their balance, improved sleep and enhanced physical and mental health is possible. 

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Circadian rhythm sleep disorders: Types and treatments. Sleep Foundation. (2024a, March 15). https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm-sleep-disorders 

Circadian rhythm. Sleep Foundation. (2024, March 15). https://www.sleepfoundation.org/circadian-rhythm 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Causes and risk factors. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/circadian-rhythm-disorders/causes 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Circadian rhythms. National Institute of General Medical Sciences. https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/circadian-rhythms.aspx 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-b). Treatment. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/circadian-rhythm-disorders/treatment 

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Mental health plays a vital role in overall well-being, and proper nutrition is key to supporting a balanced mood and cognitive function. While a healthy diet is the best source of nutrients, vitamins and supplements can sometimes help bridge nutritional gaps that may affect mental health.

The brain depends on a steady supply of nutrients to function optimally. Deficiencies in specific vitamins and minerals can contribute to mood disturbances, memory issues, or feelings of fatigue. While supplementation alone is not a cure for mental health conditions, it can support an overall treatment plan when combined with other treatment options such as therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes.

Vitamin D

Role in Mental Health: Known as the "sunshine vitamin," vitamin D influences mood-regulating neurotransmitters. Low levels are linked to depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
Sources: Sunlight, fortified foods, fatty fish, or supplements.
Recommended Dosage: 600–2,000 IU daily, depending on your needs. Consult with a healthcare provider. 

Magnesium

Role in Mental Health: This mineral helps regulate stress hormones and promotes relaxation. Research indicates it may alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Sources: Nuts, seeds, whole grains, spinach, or magnesium glycinate supplements.
Recommended Dosage: 300–400 mg daily.

Zinc

Role in Mental Health: Zinc supports brain signaling and immune function. Deficiencies are associated with depression and poor cognitive performance.
Sources: Shellfish, legumes, seeds, or zinc supplements.
Recommended Dosage: 8–11 mg daily.

Probiotics

Role in Mental Health: Emerging research highlights the gut-brain connection, showing that probiotics can influence mood and mental clarity.
Sources: Fermented foods (e.g., yogurt, kimchi) or probiotic supplements with diverse strains.
Recommended Dosage: 1–10 billion CFUs daily.

Vitamins and supplements can play a valuable role in supporting mental health, particularly if there are specific nutritional deficiencies. However, they work best as part of a comprehensive plan that includes a healthy diet, exercise, stress management, and professional care.

If you’re considering supplements for mental health, consult a healthcare provider to develop a personalized approach that meets your unique needs.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Firth, J., Teasdale, S. B., Allott, K., Siskind, D., Marx, W., Cotter, J., Veronese, N., Schuch, F., Smith, L., Solmi, M., Carvalho, A. F., Vancampfort, D., Berk, M., Stubbs, B., & Sarris, J. (2019, October). The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: A meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6732706 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Caring for your mental health. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health 

Zielińska, M., Łuszczki, E., & Dereń, K. (2023, May 23). Dietary nutrient deficiencies and risk of depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10255717/ 

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