Women's Health

Women’s sexuality is complex and highly individual. There is no single definition of what is “normal” when it comes to sexual desire, arousal, orgasm or satisfaction.

Sexuality also can change throughout life. Adolescence, pregnancy and the reproductive years, the time after childbirth, perimenopause and menopause can each bring different experiences. Relationships, physical health, emotional well-being, medications, hormones and life circumstances also can affect sexual response.

What matters most is whether your sexual experiences feel safe, comfortable and satisfying to you.

Changes in sexual desire or response are common. But when a change worries you, causes pain or affects your well-being or relationship, talk with a healthcare professional. Sometimes sexual symptoms are related to an underlying health condition that can be treated.

Sexual health is part of your overall health and well-being. It includes more than sexual activity. Sexual health may involve:

• Sexual desire or interest.
• Physical and emotional arousal.
• Comfort during sexual activity.
• Orgasm.
• Intimacy and connection.
• Body image.
• Communication with a partner.
• Reproductive health.
• Feeling safe and respected in sexual relationships.

Sexual health varies considerably from person to person. What feels satisfying for one person may be very different from what feels satisfying for another.

There also may be periods of life when you are more interested in sex and other periods when sex is less important to you. A change isn't necessarily a medical problem unless it causes distress or concern.

Female sexual response doesn't always follow a predictable sequence.

For some women, sexual desire begins before sexual activity. For others, desire may develop after emotional closeness, affectionate touch or sexual stimulation begins.

Sexual response may involve several overlapping elements:

Emotional intimacy

Feeling emotionally close, safe or connected with a partner can contribute to sexual interest for many women.

Relationship concerns, conflict, lack of trust or poor communication also may affect sexual response.

Sexual stimulation

Touch, thoughts, conversation, visual stimulation or other experiences may produce sexual interest or arousal.

What is stimulating is different for every person and may change throughout life.

Sexual arousal

Arousal includes both physical and emotional responses to sexual stimulation. Physical responses may include increased blood flow to the genital area, changes in sensitivity and vaginal lubrication.

Lubrication alone isn't a reliable measure of sexual desire or arousal. Vaginal dryness can occur even when someone feels sexually interested or aroused.

Sexual desire

Desire may occur spontaneously or emerge after sexual activity has begun.

Both patterns can be normal.

Emotional and physical satisfaction

Orgasm can be part of sexual satisfaction, but it doesn't have to be the goal of every sexual experience. Emotional intimacy, pleasure, relaxation and connection also may contribute to satisfaction.

Physical, psychological or relationship concerns can interrupt any part of this response.

Sexual concerns can occur at any age. Some are temporary, while others persist.

Low sexual desire

Low sexual desire is one of the most common sexual concerns.

You might notice:

• Less interest in sexual activity.
• Fewer sexual thoughts or fantasies.
• Less interest in initiating sexual activity.
• Concern about the difference between your level of desire and your partner's.

Having less interest in sex at certain times isn't necessarily a disorder. Treatment generally is considered when the change causes ongoing personal distress or relationship concerns.

Difficulty becoming or staying aroused

You may be interested in sexual activity but find that your body doesn't respond as expected.

Arousal concerns can involve reduced genital sensation, difficulty becoming physically aroused or difficulty maintaining arousal.

Medical conditions, medications, hormonal changes, stress and relationship factors may contribute.

Difficulty reaching orgasm

The frequency and intensity of orgasm vary widely among women.

Some women orgasm regularly, some only occasionally and some rarely or never.

Penetrative sex alone doesn't reliably produce orgasm for many women. Clitoral stimulation is an important part of orgasm for many people.

Difficulty reaching orgasm may become a concern if it is a persistent change or if it causes distress.

Pain or discomfort during sex

Sexual activity shouldn't routinely be painful.

Pain may occur at the vaginal opening, with penetration or deeper in the pelvis. Causes can include vaginal dryness, pelvic floor muscle problems, infections, skin conditions, endometriosis, hormonal changes and other medical conditions.

Pain during sex is sometimes called dyspareunia.

If pain is ongoing, new or worsening, talk with a healthcare professional rather than trying to tolerate it.

Many medical conditions can affect sexual function.

These may include:

• Diabetes.
• Cardiovascular disease.
• Neurological conditions.
• Chronic pain.
• Cancer.
• Thyroid disorders.
• Gynecologic conditions.
• Bladder problems.
• Pelvic floor disorders.

A health condition also may affect energy, body image, mood or how you feel about intimacy.

Because sexual symptoms sometimes provide clues about other health concerns, mention significant changes to your healthcare professional.

Yes. Some medicines can affect desire, arousal, lubrication or orgasm.

Examples may include certain medicines used to treat:

• Depression.
• Anxiety.
• High blood pressure.
• Allergies.
• Cancer.

Don't stop a prescription medicine because of sexual side effects without talking with the healthcare professional who prescribed it.

Sometimes changing the dose, switching medicines or treating the sexual symptoms themselves can help.

Pregnancy, childbirth and caring for an infant can significantly affect sexuality.

Hormonal changes after childbirth and during breastfeeding may cause vaginal dryness and reduce sexual desire. Healing after delivery, sleep deprivation, changes in body image and the emotional demands of caring for a baby also may affect sexual interest.

There is no fixed timetable for when sexual desire should return.

If pain, severe dryness or other sexual concerns persist, talk with your healthcare professional.

he right treatment depends on the cause.

Options may include:

Vaginal lubricants

Lubricants are used during sexual activity to reduce friction and discomfort.

Water-based and silicone-based products are commonly available.

If you're unsure what product is appropriate for you, ask a healthcare professional.

Vaginal moisturizers

Vaginal moisturizers are used regularly rather than only during sexual activity. They can help relieve ongoing dryness.

Vaginal estrogen

Low-dose vaginal estrogen may be recommended for vaginal dryness and painful sex related to menopause.

It is available in several forms, including creams, tablets and rings.

Other prescription treatments

Depending on your symptoms and medical history, treatments for painful sex related to menopause also may include medicines such as vaginal dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, or oral ospemifene.

Your healthcare professional can help determine whether these treatments are appropriate for you.

People who have had certain hormone-sensitive cancers may need individualized recommendations before using hormonal treatments.

Sexual response isn't purely physical.

Emotional health, past experiences, relationships and social expectations also can influence sexuality.

Factors may include:

• Stress.
• Depression.
• Anxiety.
• Fear.
• Relationship conflict.
• Concerns about body image.
• Cultural or religious beliefs.
• Past sexual trauma.
• Worries about pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections.
• Lack of privacy.
• The demands of parenting, caregiving or work.

Stress in particular can make it difficult to focus on pleasure or intimacy.

Addressing these concerns may be as important as treating physical symptoms.

Several approaches may help improve both general health and sexual well-being.

Stay physically active

Regular physical activity can improve cardiovascular health, mood, energy and overall well-being.

These benefits also may support sexual health.

Manage stress

Finding effective ways to manage stress can make it easier to feel emotionally present and responsive during intimate experiences.

Strategies may include exercise, mindfulness, relaxation techniques, adequate sleep and counseling.

Learn about your sexual response

Many people grow up with incomplete or inaccurate information about sexuality.

Learning about anatomy, sexual response, arousal and normal changes across the lifespan can reduce anxiety and help you communicate what feels comfortable and pleasurable.

Communicate with your partner

Open communication about comfort, preferences, expectations and changes in sexual response can improve intimacy.

Sexual satisfaction isn't based on any one activity or frequency. Couples may need to adapt as their bodies, health and circumstances change.

Consider pelvic floor therapy

Some types of pelvic pain and pain during penetration are associated with overactive, tight or poorly coordinated pelvic floor muscles.

A healthcare professional may recommend evaluation by a pelvic floor physical therapist when appropriate.

Consider counseling or sex therapy

A therapist trained in sexual health can help individuals and couples address concerns involving desire, arousal, orgasm, communication, body image, anxiety or relationship issues.

Therapy can be useful on its own or along with medical treatment.

Medication is appropriate for some people, depending on the cause of low desire and the individual's medical history.

Treatment begins by looking at possible contributing factors, including medications, medical conditions, hormonal changes, emotional health and relationships.

Prescription treatments are available for certain types of low sexual desire in some premenopausal women. Other hormonal and nonhormonal treatments may be considered for specific symptoms.

Talk with your healthcare professional before using hormones, supplements or products marketed as sexual-enhancement treatments.

Consider making an appointment if:

• A change in sexual desire worries you.
• Sex has become painful.
• Vaginal dryness or irritation persists.
• You have difficulty becoming aroused or reaching orgasm and it causes distress.
• Sexual concerns are affecting your relationship or quality of life.
• You notice vaginal bleeding after sex.
• You have unusual vaginal discharge, burning or sores.
• Your symptoms began after starting a medication.
• Menopause-related vaginal or urinary symptoms are interfering with daily life.

Sexual health concerns are common, and healthcare professionals are accustomed to discussing them.

You might start the conversation by saying, “I've noticed a change in my sexual health that I'd like to talk about.”

Your healthcare professional may ask about:

• When your symptoms began.
• Whether the symptoms happen every time or only in certain situations.
• Your medical history.
• Medicines and supplements you use.
• Menstrual, pregnancy and menopause history.
• Pain or vaginal symptoms.
• Mental health and stress.
• Your relationship and sexual history.

Depending on the concern, an evaluation also may include a pelvic exam or blood tests.

Some people benefit from referral to a clinician who specializes in women's sexual health, gynecology, menopause medicine, pelvic floor therapy or sex therapy.

What is a normal sex drive for a woman?

There isn't a single normal level of sexual desire. Desire differs among individuals and can change throughout life. A change becomes more important medically when it causes distress or affects your well-being or relationship.

Is it normal for sexual desire to decrease with age?

Changes in sexual desire can occur with aging, but age itself doesn't mean that satisfying sexual activity has to end. Hormonal changes, medical conditions, medications, relationships and emotional health all can influence desire.

Is vaginal dryness always caused by menopause?

No. Vaginal dryness can occur at any age. Hormonal changes during breastfeeding, medications and some health conditions also may contribute.

Why does sex hurt after menopause?

Lower estrogen levels can make vaginal tissues thinner, drier and less elastic. These changes can lead to painful intercourse. Other causes of pain also are possible, so persistent pain should be evaluated.

Can stress cause low sexual desire?

Yes. Stress can affect attention, mood, energy, relationships and the body's sexual response. Reducing stress and addressing its underlying cause may improve sexual well-being.

Should I see a doctor about low libido?

Consider talking with a healthcare professional if low sexual desire is persistent and bothers you or is affecting your relationship. An evaluation can look for physical, hormonal, medication-related, emotional and relationship factors.

Sexuality is personal and changes throughout life. There are many healthy ways to experience intimacy, desire and sexual satisfaction.

Your overall health can influence your sexual health, and changes in sexual response sometimes signal medical, hormonal, psychological or relationship concerns.

If a change bothers you, causes pain or interferes with your quality of life, talk with a healthcare professional. Identifying the cause can help you find an approach that improves comfort, confidence and sexual well-being.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Source:

Mayo Clinic. (2017). Evolving Sexuality in Women. Rochester, Minnesota; Mayo Clinic.

Related Articles: 

Healthcare for Women Over 50: Prioritizing Wellness at Every Stage

Perimenopause and Sleep: Why It Changes and What Can Help

Understanding Menopause and Genitourinary Syndrome (GSM): A Comprehensive Overview

Understanding Pelvic Floor Health: Vibration Training and Muscle Strength

Radiation therapy can cause temporary changes to the skin and surrounding tissues. You may notice redness, dryness, tenderness or swelling in the treated area. Choosing the right supportive products can help protect your skin, reduce irritation and improve overall comfort during treatment.

During radiation, the skin in the treatment area becomes more sensitive. Tight seams, underwire bras or rough fabrics may increase irritation.

Recommended options from Mayo Clinic Store:

• Mastectomy bras and specialty bras: Designed for softness and minimal friction, these bras provide gentle support without irritating sensitive skin.
• Post-surgical camisoles: Lightweight, breathable camisoles can be worn alone or under clothing to reduce rubbing and pressure on the chest wall.

Why they help:
Soft, well-fitted garments reduce friction and allow the skin to heal while still providing comfort and support.

Some people develop swelling in the arm or chest (lymphedema) after surgery or radiation. Managing this early can improve comfort and function.

Available products:

• Compression sleeves and arm garments
• Velcro compression wraps
• Compression stockings and accessories

Why they help:
Compression garments apply gentle pressure to support lymphatic flow and reduce swelling.

“Lymphedema can develop gradually after surgery or radiation, and early management is key,” says Dr. Dean Shumway, a Mayo Clinic radiation oncologist. “Compression garments provide consistent, gentle pressure that helps move lymph fluid through the affected area, reducing swelling and supporting long-term function and comfort.”

If surgery is part of your treatment plan, you may consider breast forms during or after radiation.

Options available:

• Silicone breast forms (standard, lightweight or swim styles)

Why they help:
These products restore symmetry and balance, which can improve posture, clothing fit and confidence during recovery.

Radiation therapy can make the skin more fragile, increasing the risk of irritation, breakdown or discomfort in the treated area. In some cases, your care team may recommend advanced wound dressings to help protect the skin.

Available products:

• Mepitel® silicone wound contact layers
• Soft silicone dressings designed for sensitive or compromised skin

Why they help:
Mepitel dressings use a gentle silicone layer that adheres lightly to the skin without sticking to the wound surface. This helps:

• Protect the skin from friction caused by clothing
• Reduce pain during dressing changes
• Maintain a moist healing environment, which supports skin recovery

These dressings are designed to be flexible and breathable, allowing them to conform comfortably to the chest area during daily activities.

Important note:
Always use dressings such as Mepitel only under the guidance of your radiation oncology team, as timing and placement during treatment are important to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Small accessories can make a meaningful difference in daily comfort and routine.

Examples include:

• Compression garment aids (donning gloves, applicators)
• Adhesives and cleaning products for prostheses

Why they help:
These tools simplify the use of medical garments and prosthetics, especially when mobility or skin sensitivity is a concern.

Choosing the right product is just as important as the product itself. The Mayo Clinic Store offers:

• Certified mastectomy fitters
• Private fitting rooms
• Customized measurements and recommendations

Why this matters:
Proper fit reduces pressure, improves comfort and ensures that garments and prosthetics work as intended during treatment.

When selecting products, consider:

• Softness and breathability: Choose natural or moisture-wicking fabrics
• Minimal seams and no underwire: Reduce friction on sensitive skin
• Ease of use: Front closures or adjustable designs may be more comfortable
• Proper fit: Avoid garments that are too tight or restrictive
• Care team guidance: Always follow your oncology team’s recommendations for skin care and compression

Supportive products are one part of a broader care plan focused on comfort, recovery and quality of life. If you’re undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer, talk with your care team about which supportive products are right for you.

Sources: 

Breastcancer.org. (2026, March 12). Lymphedema. Symptoms, Treatment, and Risk Factors. https://www.breastcancer.org/treatment-side-effects/lymphedema 

Lymphedema care - la crosse, Wis.. Mayo Clinic Health System. (n.d.). https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/locations/la-crosse/services-and-treatments/breast-cancer-care/lymphedema 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2025a, January 10). Radiation therapy for breast cancer. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/radiation-therapy-for-breast-cancer/about/pac-20384940 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2025d, July 26). Breast cancer. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352475 

Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) are common and can range from mild discomfort to pain that interferes with daily activities. Understanding your symptoms and the available treatment options can help you choose a therapy that can be effective for your needs.

Menstrual cramps are typically caused by uterine contractions triggered by hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. Higher levels of prostaglandins are associated with more intense cramps. In some cases, underlying conditions such as endometriosis or fibroids may contribute to more severe or persistent pain.

Consult a healthcare professional if you experience:

• Severe pain that disrupts daily life
• Cramps that worsen over time
• Pain not relieved by over-the-counter medications
• Symptoms such as heavy bleeding, fever, or unusual discharge

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms, your medical history, and personal preferences. Options include medications, heat therapy, and electrical stimulation devices.

Over-the-counter pain relievers are often the first-line treatment.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Examples include ibuprofen and naproxen. These medications reduce prostaglandin production and are most effective when taken at the onset of symptoms.

Considerations:

• Follow dosing instructions carefully
• Avoid if you have certain gastrointestinal, kidney, or bleeding conditions
• Take with food to reduce stomach irritation

Hormonal therapies

Birth control pills, patches, or intrauterine devices (IUDs) may help reduce menstrual pain by regulating or suppressing ovulation.

Considerations:

• Requires prescription
• May take several cycles to see full benefit
• Not appropriate for everyone

Consider the following factors:

• Portability: Choose patches for use at work or school; pads for home use
• Temperature control: Adjustable devices may provide more personalized relief
• Duration of use: Look for devices with automatic shut-off for safety
• Skin sensitivity: Select products with protective layers to reduce irritation

Safety tips:

• Avoid applying heat directly to bare skin for prolonged periods
• Do not use while sleeping unless the device has safety features
• Discontinue use if skin irritation occurs

TENS units deliver low-voltage electrical currents through electrodes placed on the skin. These currents may help reduce pain signals and stimulate endorphin release.

Benefits of TENS units

• Noninvasive and drug-free
• Adjustable intensity levels
• May be used in combination with other therapies

Considerations when choosing a TENS unit

• Ease of use: Look for simple controls and clear instructions
• Portability: Compact units are easier to use on the go
• Electrode placement: Ensure the device includes guidance for proper positioning
• Medical conditions: Avoid use if you have certain conditions, such as a pacemaker, unless approved by a healthcare professional

Some people find the most relief by combining treatments, such as using NSAIDs along with heat therapy or a TENS unit. A personalized approach based on symptom severity and lifestyle can improve outcomes.

Additional strategies may help reduce menstrual pain:

• Regular physical activity
• Adequate sleep
• Stress management techniques
• Balanced diet

The most effective therapy varies from person to person. Consider starting with conservative options such as NSAIDs or heat therapy, and discuss additional treatments with your healthcare professional if symptoms persist.

A thoughtful approach that prioritizes safety, effectiveness, and convenience can help you better manage menstrual cramps and maintain your daily routine.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Gibson, W., Wand, B. M., Meads, C., Catley, M. J., & O’Connell, N. E. (2019). Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for chronic pain: An overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(2), CD011890. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011890.pub2

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (n.d.-b). Menstrual cramps. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/menstrual-cramps/symptoms-causes/syc-20374938 

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.). ACOG committee opinion no. 760: Dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in the adolescent. Obstetrics and gynecology. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30461694/ 

If you’ve ever stood in a supplement aisle or scrolled through pages of options online, you’ve likely seen magnesium in many forms: glycinate, citrate, L-threonate, malate and more. The labels can be confusing, and it’s not always clear whether you need magnesium at all, let alone which type to choose.

Interest in magnesium supplements has grown in recent years, as more people learn that different forms vary in how well they’re absorbed and how they may affect the body. Understanding these differences can help you make informed decisions about your health.

Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in more than 300 enzymatic reactions. It plays a role in many basic processes that keep your body functioning normally.

Key functions include:

• Energy production through the synthesis of ATP, the body’s main energy molecule

• Muscle contraction and relaxation, including the heart muscle

• Nerve signaling, helping transmit messages throughout the body

• Blood pressure regulation

• Bone health, working alongside calcium and vitamin D

• Blood sugar control, supporting insulin function

Because magnesium is involved in so many systems, low levels can affect multiple aspects of health.

Magnesium supplements are commonly divided into two categories: organic and inorganic compounds.

• Organic forms (such as citrate, glycinate, malate and lactate) are bound to organic molecules like amino acids or acids. These forms tend to be more soluble and are generally better absorbed by the body.

• Inorganic forms (such as oxide, sulfate and chloride) are not bound to organic molecules and are typically less well absorbed.

Another important concept is elemental magnesium, or the actual amount of magnesium available for the body to use. Some supplements contain a higher percentage of elemental magnesium but are less easily absorbed. As a result, a higher number on the label does not always mean greater benefit.

Magnesium glycinate

Magnesium glycinate is bound to the amino acid glycine. It is often described as gentle on the digestive system and less likely to cause diarrhea than some other forms.

This form is commonly used for general supplementation and may be helpful for people seeking support for sleep, stress or relaxation. It is considered one of the more bioavailable forms.

Magnesium citrate

Magnesium citrate is one of the most widely available and commonly used forms. It is well absorbed and relatively affordable.

At higher doses, it can have a mild laxative effect. For this reason, it is sometimes used to relieve occasional constipation.

Magnesium malate

Magnesium malate is combined with malic acid, a compound involved in energy production. It is generally well absorbed and may be less likely to cause digestive side effects than some other forms.

It is sometimes marketed for energy support or muscle discomfort, although more research is needed to confirm these benefits.

Magnesium oxide

Magnesium oxide contains a high percentage of elemental magnesium, but it is poorly absorbed by the body.

It is often used to relieve constipation due to its laxative effect. However, it is less effective than other forms for raising magnesium levels in the bloodstream.

Magnesium taurate

Magnesium taurate combines magnesium with taurine, an amino acid involved in cardiovascular function.

Some research suggests it may support heart health and blood sugar regulation, but evidence in humans is still limited.

Magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)

Magnesium sulfate is commonly known as Epsom salt and is often added to baths to help soothe sore muscles.

However, there is little evidence that magnesium is significantly absorbed through the skin during bathing. As a result, Epsom salt baths are unlikely to meaningfully increase magnesium levels in the body.

Blood pressure

Magnesium supplementation has been associated with modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Some analyses of clinical trials suggest greater benefits in people with hypertension or low magnesium levels. However, regulatory agencies note that the overall evidence remains mixed.

Cognitive health

Magnesium is involved in many neurological processes, and early research suggests it may support cognitive function and mood.

However, most clinical studies are small or short-term, and more rigorous research is needed before making specific recommendations.

Bone health

Magnesium contributes to bone formation and helps regulate hormones involved in bone metabolism, including parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.

Some studies link higher magnesium intake with greater bone density. However, research specifically on supplementation is still limited.

Recommended daily magnesium intake varies by age and sex:

• Men: 400–420 mg per day

• Women: 310–320 mg per day

• Needs may increase during pregnancy

The tolerable upper intake level for supplemental magnesium is 350 mg per day for adults. Magnesium obtained from food does not carry the same risk.

High doses from supplements may cause:

• Diarrhea

• Nausea

• Abdominal cramping

Magnesium can also interact with certain medications, including:

• Diuretics

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

• Some antibiotics

If you take medications or have a medical condition, consult your health care professional before starting a supplement.

There is no single “best” form of magnesium. The right choice depends on your health goals and individual needs.

A general guide:

• For overall support or sensitive digestion: magnesium glycinate

• For sleep or relaxation: magnesium glycinate or taurate

• For constipation or digestive support: magnesium citrate

• For cognitive support: magnesium L-threonate (with emerging evidence)

• For energy or muscle support: magnesium malate or citrate

• For raising magnesium levels: avoid relying on magnesium oxide

Whenever possible, aim to meet your magnesium needs through a balanced diet rich in whole foods. Supplements can help fill gaps, particularly for individuals with increased needs or reduced intake.

Before starting any supplement, talk with your health care professional to determine what’s appropriate for you.

Related articles: 

Lifestyle Matters Most: Everyday Habits That Support Healthy Cognitive Aging

Methylcobalamin: Benefits, Uses, and How It Works

Phosphatidylserine Explained: What It Is and Why It Matters

Sources: 

Cepeda, V., Ródenas-Munar, M., García, S., Bouzas, C., & Tur, J. A. (2025, June 16). Unlocking the power of magnesium: A systematic review and meta-analysis regarding its role in oxidative stress and inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12189353/ 

Magnesium supplementation and blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. CoLab. (n.d.). https://colab.ws/articles/10.1161%2Fhypertensionaha.125.25129 

Matek Sarić, M., Sorić, T., Juko Kasap, Ž., Lisica Šikić, N., Mavar, M., Andruškienė, J., & Sarić, A. (2025, November 20). Magnesium: Health effects, deficiency burden, and future public health directions. Nutrients. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12655508/ 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.-a). Office of dietary supplements - magnesium. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/ 

Perimenopause, which is the transitional years leading up to menopause, can bring noticeable changes to your body and overall well-being. One of the most common and frustrating concerns during this time is disrupted sleep.

If you’re finding it harder to fall asleep, waking during the night, or rising earlier than usual and unable to return to sleep, you’re not alone. Sleep disturbances are a frequent symptom of perimenopause. Understanding why these changes happen can help you take steps to improve your rest.

Perimenopause is the time when your body begins transitioning toward menopause. It can start several years before menopause, often in your 40s, but sometimes earlier. During this stage, estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate unpredictably.

These hormonal shifts affect many systems in the body, including those that regulate sleep.

Sleep problems during perimenopause are usually caused by a combination of hormonal changes and related symptoms.

Hot Flashes and Night Sweats

Declining and fluctuating estrogen levels can affect the body’s temperature regulation. This may lead to hot flashes during the day and night sweats during sleep.

Night sweats can:

• Wake you suddenly

• Make it difficult to fall back asleep

• Leave you feeling unrested in the morning

Even mild temperature changes can fragment sleep without you fully realizing it.

Sleep plays an essential role in:

Chronic sleep disruption can worsen mood symptoms, increase fatigue, and affect overall quality of life.

3. Practice Relaxation Techniques

Stress and anxiety can worsen sleep problems. Techniques that may help include:

• Deep breathing exercises

• Progressive muscle relaxation

• Meditation

• Gentle stretching or yoga before bed

Establishing a calming bedtime routine can signal your body that it’s time to rest.

4. Limit Sleep Disruptors

To promote better sleep:

• Avoid caffeine in the afternoon and evening.

• Limit alcohol, which can disrupt sleep cycles.

• Reduce screen time at least an hour before bed.

• Keep lights dim in the evening.

5. Stay Physically Active

Regular physical activity can improve sleep quality and reduce stress. Aim for most exercise earlier in the day, as vigorous activity close to bedtime may interfere with sleep.

6. Talk With Your Health Care Professional

If sleep problems are persistent or affecting your daily life, consult your health care professional. They can evaluate for:

• Insomnia

• Sleep apnea

• Restless legs syndrome

• Depression or anxiety

Treatment options may include:

• Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)

• Medications for sleep or mood symptoms

• Hormone therapy, when appropriate

• Nonhormonal therapies for hot flashes

Your care plan should be individualized based on your symptoms, medical history, and personal preferences.

Consider seeking medical guidance if you:

• Have trouble sleeping most nights

• Snore loudly or gasp during sleep

• Feel excessively sleepy during the day

• Experience mood changes that interfere with daily activities

Persistent sleep problems are not something you simply have to endure.

Perimenopause can significantly affect sleep due to hormonal fluctuations, night sweats, mood changes, and increased risk of sleep disorders. Although these changes are common, effective strategies and treatments are available.

With the right support and adjustments, restful sleep is possible during this transition.

If sleep concerns are affecting your health or quality of life, consider speaking with your health care professional about options that may help you feel more rested and balanced.

Sources: 

How perimenopause affects sleep. Lifestyle Medicine. (n.d.). https://lifestylemedicine.stanford.edu/sleep-perimenopause 

Prior JC;Cameron A;Fung M;Hitchcock CL;Janssen P;Lee T;Singer J; (n.d.). Oral micronized progesterone for perimenopausal night sweats and hot flushes a phase III Canada-wide randomized placebo-controlled 4 month trial. Scientific reports. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37277418/ 

Troìa L;Garassino M;Volpicelli AI;Fornara A;Libretti A;Surico D;Remorgida V; (n.d.). Sleep disturbance and perimenopause: A narrative review. Journal of clinical medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40094961/ 

Many people are exploring alternatives to traditional menstrual products, often motivated by concerns about comfort, environmental impact, material transparency, or skin sensitivity. Organic tampons and washable period pants are two options that have become increasingly available. Understanding how these products are made, how they are used, and what potential benefits they offer can help you make informed decisions.

Organic tampons are typically made from certified organic cotton. This means the cotton is grown without synthetic pesticides and is processed without chlorine bleaching or added fragrances. In most cases, organic tampons contain fewer additives than conventional tampons, which may include rayon fibers, deodorants, dyes, or additional finishing agents.

The primary distinction is material transparency. Manufacturers of organic products often emphasize clear labeling and shorter ingredient lists. 

Washable period pants, sometimes called reusable period underwear, are designed to absorb menstrual flow through built-in layers of moisture-wicking, absorbent, and leak-resistant fabric. They can be worn alone or as a backup with tampons, pads, or menstrual cups.

These products are intended to be washed and reused, which may reduce the need for disposable products. Absorbency levels vary based on design, so different options may be suitable for light, moderate, or heavy flow days.

Period pants typically include:

• A top layer that pulls moisture away from the skin.

• One or more absorbent layers.

• A leak-resistant outer layer to provide protection.

They are designed to feel similar to regular underwear, and many brands focus on comfort, stretch, and breathability.

Comfort and Convenience

Many individuals find these products comfortable for daily wear. They may also be useful for adolescents or people who prefer products that require little adjustment throughout the day.

Waste Reduction

Because period pants are reusable, they may help reduce the volume of disposable pads and liners sent to landfills.

Cost Considerations

Reusable products involve a higher initial cost but may be cost-effective over time, depending on personal use patterns.

Menstrual needs vary widely. When selecting organic tampons, washable period pants, or any other menstrual product, it may help to consider:

• Your flow pattern (light, moderate, heavy)

• Comfort and skin sensitivity

• Lifestyle factors such as exercise or travel

• Environmental considerations

• Cost and long-term use preferences

• Any prior irritation with specific materials

You may find that a combination of products works best. For example, some individuals use organic tampons during the day and period pants at night, or use reusable underwear as back-up protection.

Are organic tampons safer?

Organic tampons are regulated for safety in the same way as conventional tampons. Their primary difference is the use of organic cotton and the absence of added fragrances or certain chemicals.

Do organic tampons reduce the risk of toxic shock syndrome?

No. TSS risk is related to tampon absorbency, length of wear, and individual factors, not whether the product is organic.

Are washable period pants hygienic?

When used and washed according to manufacturer instructions, period pants are designed to be hygienic, safe, and suitable for repeated use.

Do period pants work for heavy flow?

Many brands offer high-absorbency designs. Some individuals with heavy flow may prefer to pair them with another menstrual product for additional reassurance.

How many pairs of period pants do I need?

This varies. Some people use three to five pairs per cycle, depending on how often they wash laundry and whether they combine them with other products.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Ramsay, C., Hennegan, J., Douglass, C. H., Eddy, S., Head, A., & Lim, M. S. C. (2023, March 11). Reusable period products: Use and perceptions among young people in Victoria, Australia. BMC women’s health. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10006563/ 

Singh, J., Mumford, S. L., Pollack, A. Z., Schisterman, E. F., Weisskopf, M. G., Navas-Acien, A., & Kioumourtzoglou, M.-A. (2019, February 11). Tampon use, environmental chemicals and oxidative stress in the biocycle study. Environmental health : a global access science source. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6371574/ 

van Eijk, A. M., Jayasinghe, N., Zulaika, G., Mason, L., Sivakami, M., Unger, H. W., & Phillips-Howard, P. A. (2021, September 24). Exploring menstrual products: A systematic review and meta-analysis of reusable menstrual pads for public health internationally. PloS one. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8462722/ 

Electrolytes are minerals in your blood and body fluids that carry an electric charge. They are essential for many processes in your body, including maintaining fluid balance, supporting nerve and muscle function, and helping regulate your body’s pH level.

• Sodium
• Potassium
• Chloride
• Calcium
• Magnesium
• Phosphate
• Bicarbonate

These minerals are found in the foods and drinks you consume, and your body carefully regulates their levels to keep you healthy.

Electrolytes help your body perform vital functions, such as:

• Balancing fluids: They regulate the movement of water in and out of cells, helping prevent dehydration or fluid overload.
• Supporting nerve signals: Electrolytes help transmit electrical impulses that control muscle contractions, heartbeat, and reflexes.
• Maintaining pH stability: They keep your blood’s acidity (pH) within a healthy range, which is necessary for proper enzyme and organ function.
• Muscle health: Adequate electrolyte levels help prevent cramps, weakness, or irregular heart rhythms.

For most people, a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and adequate fluids is enough to maintain healthy electrolyte levels. If you have a medical condition that affects electrolyte balance, your healthcare provider may recommend monitoring your levels more closely or adjusting your diet.

Electrolytes are essential minerals that help your body function at its best. Understanding their role and how to replenish them, supports overall health, especially during times of physical exertion, illness, or heat exposure. 

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Mayo Clinic: The health benefits of proper hydration. Supplements and Health Tests. (n.d.). https://www.thorne.com/take-5-daily/article/mayo-clinic-how-proper-hydration-can-help-you-live-a-longer-healthier-life 

Shrimanker, I. (2023, July 24). Electrolytes. StatPearls [Internet]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK541123/ 

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (n.d.-b). Fluid and electrolyte balance. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/fluidandelectrolytebalance.html 

Creatine is a naturally occurring substance found in muscle cells. It helps your muscles produce energy during high-intensity exercise or heavy lifting. While the body produces some creatine on its own, it can also be obtained through dietary sources such as red meat and seafood, or taken as a dietary supplement.

Creatine plays a critical role in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the body. When muscles need quick energy, such as during a sprint or a short, intense workout, creatine helps regenerate ATP, allowing muscles to work harder for longer periods.

Creatine is one of the most researched and widely used dietary supplements in sports nutrition. It is often taken to enhance exercise performance and support muscle recovery. The most common form is creatine monohydrate, which is available in powders, capsules, and chewables.

Studies have shown that creatine supplementation can:

• Improve strength and muscle mass during resistance training
• Enhance performance in high-intensity, short-duration activities (such as sprinting or weightlifting)
• Support quicker recovery between bouts of intense effort

Because of these benefits, creatine is commonly used by athletes, bodybuilders, and individuals engaged in regular high-intensity training.

For most healthy individuals, creatine is considered safe when taken as directed. Numerous studies have evaluated its safety for both short-term and long-term use. However, some people may experience mild side effects, including:

• Bloating
• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Muscle cramping (rare)

To stay safe, it's important to:

• Follow dosing recommendations on product labels
• Stay well hydrated while using creatine
• Discuss supplementation with a healthcare provider, especially if you have kidney disease or other chronic health conditions

While creatine is generally not harmful to the kidneys in healthy individuals, it may not be appropriate for people with existing kidney problems.

Creatine may be particularly beneficial for:

• Athletes and weightlifters seeking improved performance and strength gains
• Older adults experiencing age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia)
• Vegetarians and vegans, whose diets are low in creatine-containing foods

Creatine is a naturally occurring compound that supports energy production in muscle cells. Available through diet and supplementation, it has been shown to safely enhance exercise performance, increase muscle strength, and improve recovery when used appropriately.

If you’re considering creatine supplementation, talk to your healthcare provider to determine whether it’s a good fit for your health goals and medical history. Like any supplement, creatine works best as part of a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and an overall healthy lifestyle.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J., & Jimenez, A. (2012, July 20). Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: An update. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3407788/ 

Kreider, R. B., & Stout, J. R. (2021, January 29). Creatine in health and disease. Nutrients. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7910963/ 

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023e, December 13). Creatine. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-creatine/art-20347591# 

Mental health plays a vital role in overall well-being, and proper nutrition is key to supporting a balanced mood and cognitive function. While a healthy diet is the best source of nutrients, vitamins and supplements can sometimes help bridge nutritional gaps that may affect mental health.

The brain depends on a steady supply of nutrients to function optimally. Deficiencies in specific vitamins and minerals can contribute to mood disturbances, memory issues, or feelings of fatigue. While supplementation alone is not a cure for mental health conditions, it can support an overall treatment plan when combined with other treatment options such as therapy, medication, or lifestyle changes.

Vitamin D

Role in Mental Health: Known as the "sunshine vitamin," vitamin D influences mood-regulating neurotransmitters. Low levels are linked to depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD).
Sources: Sunlight, fortified foods, fatty fish, or supplements.
Recommended Dosage: 600–2,000 IU daily, depending on your needs. Consult with a healthcare provider. 

Magnesium

Role in Mental Health: This mineral helps regulate stress hormones and promotes relaxation. Research indicates it may alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression.
Sources: Nuts, seeds, whole grains, spinach, or magnesium glycinate supplements.
Recommended Dosage: 300–400 mg daily.

Zinc

Role in Mental Health: Zinc supports brain signaling and immune function. Deficiencies are associated with depression and poor cognitive performance.
Sources: Shellfish, legumes, seeds, or zinc supplements.
Recommended Dosage: 8–11 mg daily.

Probiotics

Role in Mental Health: Emerging research highlights the gut-brain connection, showing that probiotics can influence mood and mental clarity.
Sources: Fermented foods (e.g., yogurt, kimchi) or probiotic supplements with diverse strains.
Recommended Dosage: 1–10 billion CFUs daily.

Vitamins and supplements can play a valuable role in supporting mental health, particularly if there are specific nutritional deficiencies. However, they work best as part of a comprehensive plan that includes a healthy diet, exercise, stress management, and professional care.

If you’re considering supplements for mental health, consult a healthcare provider to develop a personalized approach that meets your unique needs.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Firth, J., Teasdale, S. B., Allott, K., Siskind, D., Marx, W., Cotter, J., Veronese, N., Schuch, F., Smith, L., Solmi, M., Carvalho, A. F., Vancampfort, D., Berk, M., Stubbs, B., & Sarris, J. (2019, October). The efficacy and safety of nutrient supplements in the treatment of mental disorders: A meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA). https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6732706 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Caring for your mental health. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/caring-for-your-mental-health 

Zielińska, M., Łuszczki, E., & Dereń, K. (2023, May 23). Dietary nutrient deficiencies and risk of depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10255717/ 

Related Articles: 

Understanding Stress - Causes, Effects and Management Tips

Exploring the Range of Vitamins and Supplements Available at Mayo Clinic Store

Eight Considerations When Selecting Supplements

What are Trace Minerals and Why are They Important?

As women become older, their healthcare needs evolve. After age 50, maintaining optimal health becomes especially important to support longevity, vitality, and quality of life. This guide focuses on key areas of health care for women over 50, including essential vitamins, pelvic floor health, and the benefits of support pillows for better comfort and posture.

Nutritional needs can shift after menopause, making certain vitamins and minerals critical for overall health. Here are some of the most important ones:

Vitamin D: Essential for bone health, vitamin D supports calcium absorption and helps prevent osteoporosis. Aim for 600-800 IU daily through sun exposure, fortified foods, or supplements.

Calcium: Bone density decreases with age, making calcium vital. Women over 50 should aim for 1,200 mg per day through dairy products, leafy greens, or supplements if necessary.

Vitamin B12: Absorption of B12 can decline with age. This vitamin is crucial for nerve health and red blood cell production. Include fortified cereals, lean meats, and supplements as needed.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: These support heart and brain health while reducing inflammation. Fatty fish like salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds are excellent sources.

Magnesium: Helps maintain muscle and nerve function, supports bone health, and aids sleep. Foods rich in magnesium include nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

Support pillows can be transformative for women over 50, aiding in restful sleep and proper alignment. Whether you're dealing with joint pain, back discomfort, or poor sleep quality, these pillows can make a difference:

Lumbar Support Pillows: Designed to reduce lower back strain, these pillows support the natural curve of the spine when sitting.

Wedge Pillows: Elevating legs or head can improve circulation and reduce symptoms of acid reflux or snoring.

Cervical Pillows: Contoured to support the neck, these pillows can alleviate neck and shoulder pain.

Pelvic Support Cushions: For those with pelvic or tailbone discomfort, these cushions provide targeted relief during long periods of sitting.

Women over 50 should schedule regular health screenings to catch potential issues early. Prioritize these assessments:

Bone Density Tests: To monitor for osteoporosis.

Mammograms: For breast cancer detection.

Pap Smears and HPV Tests: To screen for cervical cancer.

Cholesterol and Blood Pressure Checks: To assess heart health.

By focusing on nutrition, pelvic health, and ergonomic support, women over 50 can embrace this phase of life with strength and confidence. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance, and make wellness a lifelong commitment.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Dietary supplements for older adults | National Institute on Aging. (n.d.). https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/vitamins-and-supplements/dietary-supplements-older-adults 

Jeon MY;Jeong H;Lee S;Choi W;Park JH;Tak SJ;Choi DH;Yim J; (n.d.). Improving the quality of sleep with an optimal pillow: A randomized, comparative study. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25008402/ 

Kelly Feddema, P. T. (2023, July 7). Benefits of pelvic floor P.T. Mayo Clinic Health System. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/pelvic-floor-physical-therapy-benefits 

Preventive Care Benefits for Women. HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). https://www.healthcare.gov/preventive-care-women/ 

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Exploring the Range of Vitamins and Supplements Available at Mayo Clinic Store

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Sleeping and Aging Well: Choosing the Right Pillows for Neck, Back, and Knees

Stress is a natural, often unavoidable part of life. It’s the body's response to any situation or challenge that requires adaptation. Whether it’s the excitement of a job promotion, the challenges of raising children, or the heartache of losing a loved one, stress arises as people navigate the complexities of life. While some stress can be beneficial, motivating people to grow and take action, excessive or chronic stress can lead to serious physical and emotional problems.

Stress affects people in different ways. In certain situations, stress can be a positive force, providing the energy and focus needed to overcome obstacles and make important changes. This "good stress," or eustress, can help people stay alert and motivated. However, when stress becomes overwhelming or is poorly managed, it turns into "distress." Negative stress leads to frustration, anger, tension, and even depression.

When confronted with a stressful situation, the body’s natural "fight or flight" response is activated. Hormones like adrenaline and cortisol are released, causing physical changes: heart rate increases, breathing quickens, and blood pressure rises. This heightened state of alertness is crucial in dangerous situations. But when this reaction is triggered too frequently—due to ongoing stress at work, financial problems or personal conflicts—the body may remain in a state of tension, which can contribute to a range of health issues.

Stress can be categorized into two main types: acute and chronic.

Acute stress is short-term and usually arises from sudden events, such as narrowly avoiding a car accident or preparing for a job interview.

Chronic stress, on the other hand, is ongoing and can result from long-term issues like financial difficulties, relationship problems or health concerns.

It’s important to recognize when stress is becoming overwhelming. Common signs of stress overload include:

Physical symptoms: Headaches, muscle tension, fatigue, insomnia.
Emotional symptoms: Anxiety, irritability, sadness, mood swings.
Behavioral changes: Difficulty concentrating, avoiding social situations, neglecting responsibilities.

If experiencing several of these symptoms, it may be time to address how best to manage stress in life.

Stay connected: Don’t isolate when feeling stressed. Reach out to friends, family, or a support network to talk. 

Prioritize and delegate: If feeling overwhelmed, take a step back and evaluate what tasks are most important. Delegate when possible, and learn to say no to activities that don’t align with these priorities.

Focus on what you can control: Stressors can often feel overwhelming when focusing on things outside of one's control. Instead, concentrate on the aspects of a situation you can influence, and accept the rest.

Everyone experiences stress, but learning how to manage it is key to maintaining health and well-being. By incorporating healthy lifestyle habits and practicing stress management techniques, you can reduce its impact on your life. Remember, while you may not be able to eliminate all the stressors in your life, you have the power to control your response to them.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Source: 

Mayo Clinic. (2017). Stress Management. Rochester, MN.

Braces have long been synonymous with injury recovery and support during physical activity. Whether an athlete is seeking to prevent injury or someone is dealing with joint instability, braces can offer a crucial layer of support and protection. Below is a guide to the significance of braces, their diverse types, and how braces can excel in offering support and comfort.

Braces serve a dual purpose: they offer stability to joints and muscles while aiding in injury prevention and recovery. Athletes across various sports frequently utilize braces to safeguard against sprains, strains, and other injuries. Moreover, individuals with chronic conditions such as arthritis or joint hypermobility may rely on braces to enhance stability and alleviate discomfort.

Select braces stand out due to their advanced design, durability, and effectiveness. Crafted with high-quality materials and innovative features, great braces prioritize both support and comfort. Here are some key highlights:

Proper Fit: Certain braces are engineered to provide a snug yet comfortable fit, ensuring optimal support without compromising mobility. A properly fitted brace reduces slippage and enhances the effectiveness of the brace during physical activity.

Breathable Fabric: Breathability is paramount, especially during intense workouts. Select braces integrate breathable fabrics into their braces, allowing for ventilation and moisture-wicking properties, thereby enhancing comfort even during prolonged wear.

Adjustable Straps: Customization is key when it comes to braces. One important feature is adjustable straps, enabling users to achieve the perfect fit and level of compression tailored to their needs.

Targeted Support: Whether it is targeted compression zones or reinforced stabilizers, look for braces that offer specific support where it's needed most, aiding in injury prevention and recovery.

Braces play a pivotal role in enhancing performance, preventing injuries, and promoting recovery. Look for braces that combine cutting-edge design with superior functionality, catering to the diverse needs of athletes and individuals alike. From knee braces to wrist braces, braces help prioritize support, comfort, and durability, empowering users to push their limits while staying protected and supported. 

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

Gravlee, J. R., & Durme, D. J. V. (2007, February 1). Braces and splints for musculoskeletal conditions. American Family Physician. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2007/0201/p342.html 

Joel Luedke, L. A. T. (2023, July 21). To brace or not to brace: What’s best? Mayo Clinic Health System. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/to-brace-or-not-to-brace 

Supports & braces. Curad Bandages Official Site. (n.d.). https://curad.com/performance-series/supports-braces/ 

Breastfeeding is a natural and beneficial practice that not only provides essential nutrients to your baby but also offers numerous health benefits for you. As you embark on this journey, it's crucial to understand the importance of breastfeeding for the well-being of both you and your baby, as well as the safety measures to ensure a healthy breastfeeding experience.

For mothers, breastfeeding offers a multitude of health advantages. Breastfeeding can aid in postpartum weight loss by burning extra calories and contracting the uterus back to its pre-pregnancy size. Additionally, breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast and ovarian cancers, as well as osteoporosis later in life.

Furthermore, breastfeeding stimulates the release of oxytocin, a hormone that helps the uterus return to its normal size and reduces postpartum bleeding. The emotional bond formed during breastfeeding can also contribute to maternal well-being by reducing stress levels and promoting feelings of closeness and relaxation with your baby.

Breast milk is uniquely tailored to meet the nutritional needs of infants, providing essential vitamins, minerals, and antibodies, supporting their growth and development. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes that breastfed babies have lower risks of developing asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes, ear infections, and certain respiratory infections compared to formula-fed infants.

Additionally, the antibodies present in breast milk help protect babies from infections and illnesses, providing them with a strong immune system during their early months of life. Breastfeeding is also associated with lower rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Pelvic floor health is a key aspect of overall well-being, and advancements in scientific research continue to shed light on effective approaches for maintaining and improving it. Recent studies explore the intersection of pelvic floor science, vibration training, and muscle strength.

The pelvic floor is a group of muscles and connective tissues that support the pelvic organs, including the bladder, uterus, and rectum. Dysfunction in the pelvic floor can lead to various issues, such as incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse.

Vibration training has gained attention as a potential tool for improving muscle strength and function. The recent study explores the effects of whole-body vibration on pelvic floor muscle activity. The findings suggest that vibration training may enhance pelvic floor muscle function, offering a non-invasive and promising approach to address pelvic floor issues.

Amongst other conditions, vibrators can be used to help treat pelvic floor dysfunction. Vibrators help increase blood flow and circulation to the genitals and can increase arousal. Consider using lubrication if using a vibrator, even if only using externally as genital skin is very sensitive.

The evolving field of pelvic floor science, vibration training, and muscle strength offers insights into maintaining and improving pelvic floor health. A holistic understanding of pelvic floor health will empower individuals to make informed choices for overall well-being. Always consult with healthcare professionals to tailor interventions to individual needs and help ensure the best outcomes for pelvic floor health.

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources: 

C;, C. M. (n.d.). The use of vibration as an exercise intervention. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12562163/  

JD;, F. J. R. P. (n.d.). Effect of vibration on muscle perfusion: A systematic review. Clinical physiology and functional imaging. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23216759/  

Living your best life: Lifestyle medicine for all women. (n.d.). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/15598276221087677  

Mayo Clinic. (2021). Vibrators and Sexual Health. Rochester, MN. 

Rullo, J. E., Lorenz, T., Ziegelmann, M. J., Meihofer, L., Herbenick, D., & Faubion, S. S. (2018). Genital vibration for sexual function and enhancement: A review of evidence. Sexual and relationship therapy : journal of the British Association for Sexual and Relationship Therapy. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7678782/#R7  

Gel and lubricant ingredients play a vital role in promoting sexual health and well-being. By understanding the significance of these ingredients, individuals can make informed choices that enhance their sexual experiences while minimizing potential risks.

Using gel and lubricants that are compatible with condoms is essential for safe sexual practices. Oil-based products, such as petroleum jelly or certain massage oils, can weaken latex condoms, leading to breakage and an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or unintended pregnancies. Water-based or silicone-based lubricants are recommended as they do not compromise the integrity of condoms, ensuring optimal protection during sexual intercourse.

It is important to consult healthcare professionals or sexual health experts when choosing gel and lubricant products, especially if you have specific medical conditions or concerns. They can provide personalized recommendations based on your unique circumstances and guide you towards the most suitable options for your sexual health needs.

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's reproductive years. It can be defined as the permanent end of menstruation and is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period. Menopause typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 but can occur earlier or later. While menopause is a normal part of aging, it can be accompanied by a variety of symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, mood changes, and vaginal dryness. Additionally, menopause can come with other symptoms associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).

Fortunately, there are treatments available for GSM that can help relieve symptoms and improve a woman's quality of life. One of the most effective treatments for GSM is hormone therapy. Hormone therapy involves taking estrogen and, in some cases, progesterone to replace the hormones lost during menopause. Hormone therapy can help alleviate vaginal dryness and improve vaginal lubrication, which can reduce pain and discomfort during sexual activity. Hormone therapy can also improve urinary symptoms by strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor and reducing the risk of urinary tract infections.

However, hormone therapy is not without risks. Women who take hormone therapy may have an increased risk of certain health problems, such as blood clots, stroke, and breast cancer. The decision to take hormone therapy should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, and the risks and benefits should be carefully considered.

For women who cannot or do not want to take hormone therapy, there are other treatments available for GSM. Vaginal moisturizers and lubricants can help alleviate vaginal dryness and improve vaginal lubrication. These products can be applied directly to the vagina and can provide relief for several hours. Vaginal moisturizers are designed to be used regularly, while vaginal lubricants are designed to be used as needed.

Another treatment option for GSM is vaginal estrogen. Vaginal estrogen comes in several different forms, including creams, tablets, and rings, and is designed to be applied directly to the vagina. Vaginal estrogen can help alleviate vaginal dryness and improve vaginal lubrication, and can also improve itchiness, redness and soreness. 

*This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be substituted for medical advice. For medical questions and advice, it is always best to consult with your trained physician.

Sources:

Angelou, K., Grigoriadis, T., Diakosavvas, M., Zacharakis, D., & Athanasiou, S. (2020, April 8). The genitourinary syndrome of menopause: An overview of the recent data. Cureus. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7212735/

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2021, September 17). Vaginal atrophy. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-atrophy/symptoms-causes/syc-20352288